Hsífilis: aspectos gerais e diagnóstico laboratorial: revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34140/bjbv8n4-045Palavras-chave:
Sífilis, Treponema pallidum, diagnóstico laboratorial, testes sorológicos, testes rápidosResumo
A sífilis apresenta desafios diagnósticos devido à diversidade de manifestações clínicas e às variações na resposta sorológica durante a infecção e após o tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os principais métodos empregados no diagnóstico laboratorial da sífilis, considerando suas características, aplicações e limitações. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases PubMed e SciELO, com busca em 20 de setembro de 2026, utilizando quatro estratégias relacionadas à sífilis, aos testes sorológicos, ao Treponema pallidum e ao diagnóstico. Foram considerados estudos publicados entre 2021 e 2026, sendo avaliados 27 registros, dos quais 18 foram encaminhados para leitura integral e análise. Os estudos abordaram testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos, testes rápidos, ensaios imunológicos e métodos moleculares. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças no desempenho dos métodos, com elevada concordância entre diferentes ensaios treponêmicos e alta sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes rápidos em diversos cenários. Os métodos moleculares também apresentaram capacidade de detectar T. pallidum em situações de sorologia negativa. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico laboratorial da sífilis deve considerar a associação entre diferentes métodos e o contexto clínico e epidemiológico, evitando a utilização isolada de um único teste.
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