Populismo macroeconómico: una revisión sistemática de la literatura (1990–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34140/bjbv8n1-023Palavras-chave:
populismo económico, política macroeconómica, gasto público, crisis económica, déficit fiscalResumo
El populismo macroeconómico describe estrategias de política económica que priorizan el crecimiento del gasto público y la redistribución del ingreso en el corto plazo, minimizando los riesgos de inflación, déficits fiscales y restricciones externas, que típicamente culminan en crisis de balanza de pagos y colapsos inflacionarios (Dornbusch & Edwards, 1990). El objetivo del artículo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre populismo macroeconómico entre 1990 y 2025, identificando su evolución conceptual, los enfoques metodológicos predominantes y las principales regularidades empíricas. Se diseñó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la guía PRISMA 2020. Se planteó la pregunta ¿cómo ha evolucionado el concepto de populismo macroeconómico y, qué patrones metodológicos y empíricos caracterizan su estudio? Se definieron combinaciones de búsqueda en español e inglés en RePEc/IDEAS, RedALyC, Google Scholar, JSTOR y SciELO. Se identificaron inicialmente 77 registros. Tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad 32 estudios se incluyeron en la síntesis cualitativa. La evidencia confirma un núcleo conceptual relativamente estable, con énfasis en la expansión fiscal, el control de precios y salarios y, la subestimación de restricciones internas y externas. Se identificaron vacíos en la medición cuantitativa del populismo macroeconómico, la comparación sistemática entre países y la incorporación explícita de instituciones y restricciones políticas en los modelos.
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