Evaluación de las políticas de gestión de aceites usados: la responsabilidad ampliada del productor / Evaluation of waste oil management policies: the extended producer responsibility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34140/bjbv3n1-052Palavras-chave:
Aceites usados, Regulación medioambiental, Eficiencia, Responsabilidad ampliada del productor, Subvenciones.Resumo
El Real Decreto 679, de 2 de junio de 2006, de gestión de los aceites industriales usados, establece la responsabilidad ampliada del productor (RAP). Para su aplicación se constituye el Sistema Integrado de Gestión de Aceites Usados en España (SIGAUS), sustituyéndose la financiación de la gestión de los aceites usados mediante subvenciones por los importes recaudados de la aportación del productor de aceites lubricantes. A su vez, el real decreto establece los objetivos medioambientales de recogida del 95% de aceites usados generados, valorización del 100% de aceites usados recogidos y regeneración del 55%, en 2007, y el 65%, desde 2008. La extensión de la RAP en 2015 a otros residuos, que contienen aceites usados, modifica la responsabilidad financiera de SIGAUS. Asimismo, en 2016, es necesario disponer de mecanismos de financiación adicionales, indexados a la cotización internacional de los lubricantes. Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la eficiencia de la RAP en la gestión de los aceites usados. La metodología consiste en la estimación de las elasticidades de oferta y demanda, así como el desarrollo de un modelo de equilibrio parcial, del mercado de aceites usados. De acuerdo con los resultados, la RAP constituye un estándar de material reciclado, basado en un sistema de permisos negociables, y es más eficiente que una subvención. El precio del permiso justifica la aportación del productor a SIGAUS de 60 € por tonelada. Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que la RAP garantiza la financiación de la gestión del aceite usado hasta 2015.
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