Avaliação das propriedades térmicas e mecânicas da poliamida 6.6 e biopoliamida 5.6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n8-037Keywords:
biopoliamida 5.6, poliamida 6.6, fibras de vidro, propriedades mecânicas, propriedades térmicas, inflamabilidade, sustentabilidadeAbstract
A busca por alternativas sustentáveis aos polímeros tradicionais está impulsionando a pesquisa em biopolímeros. Nesse cenário dinâmico, a poliamida 5.6 (PA56), derivada da palha de milho, desponta como uma escolha promissora para substituir total ou parcialmente a poliamida 66 (PA6.6) de origem petroquímica. Este estudo investiga a PA5.6 em comparação com a PA6.6, tanto puras quanto em misturas 50/50 e com adição de 33% de fibras de vidro (GF33), focando em aplicações de alto desempenho. Foram minuciosamente analisadas as propriedades termomecânicas, de inflamabilidade e morfológicas dos materiais. A PA5.6 demonstrou uma leve superioridade na resistência à tração e à flexão, com resistência ao impacto comparável à PA6.6. No teste de inflamabilidade GWFI, a PA5.6 GF33 apresentou um desempenho superior a 750°C. A adição de GF33 melhorou significativamente as propriedades mecânicas em todas as amostras, conforme confirmado pela análise morfológica por MEV que revelou a dispersão eficiente das fibras de vidro. Esses resultados destacam o potencial da PA5.6 como substituta da PA6.6, especialmente em combinação com GF33, para aplicações que demandam desempenho elevado e sustentabilidade. A blenda PA6.6/5.6 também se mostra viável para aplicações que buscam um equilíbrio ideal entre propriedades e custo.
References
ABDUL, Rahman, et al. Synthesis, Characterization and Water Absorption Analysis of Highly Hygroscopic Bio-based Co-polyamides 56/66. Journal of Donghua University (English Edition), 2023, 40.6.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR NM 300-1: Segurança de brinquedos Parte 1: Propriedades gerais, mecânicas e físicas. São Paulo, 2011. 129 p.
AUTAY, Riadh; NJEH, Ahmed; DAMMAK, Fakhreddine. Effect of hygrothermal aging on mechanical and tribological behaviors of short glass-fiber-reinforced PA66. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2019, 32.12: 1585-1600.BRADLEY, W. L.; GRANT, T. S. The effect of the moisture absorption on the interfacial strength of polymeric matrix composites. Journal of materials science, v. 30, p. 5537-5542, 1995.
CANEVAROLO JR, Sebastião V. Ciência dos polímeros. Artliber Editora, São Paulo, 2002, 24.
CHO, Beom-Gon; LEE, Jung-Eun; HWANG, Sang-Ha; HAN, Jong H.; CHAE, Han G.; PARK, Young-Bin. Enhancement in mechanical properties of polyamide 66-carbon fiber composites containing graphene oxide-crarbon nanotube hybrid nanofillers synthesized through in situ interfacial polymerization. Composites Part A, 2020, 135.
CHONG, Yunsheng, et al. Preparation and performance study of POE-g-MAH/GMA toughened bio-based PA56 alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 960: 170813.
CYWAR, Robin M. et al. Bio-based polymers with performance-advantaged properties. Nature Reviews Materials, v. 7, n. 2, p. 83-103, 2022.
FELDMAN, Dorel. Polyamide nanocomposites. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, v. 54, n. 4, p. 255-262, 2017.
FERRO, Waldir P.; ARAÚJO, Marcos S.; WIEBECK, Hélio.; ZEN, Heloísa A.; PIOLTINI, Giovanni. Pequeno Manual do Náilon: Estrutura, Propriedades, Processamento. 1. Ed. São Paulo: Artliber Editora, 2021. Pag. 96-99.
FOREST, J.; WRIGHT, L. Total loss of primary containment reporting to improve environmental, social, and governance, sustainability, and process safety performance. Process Safety Progress, v. 43, n. 1, p. 40-44, 2024.
GÜLTÜRK, Cansu; BERBER, Hale. Effects of mechanical recycling on the properties of glass fiber–reinforced polyamide 66 composites in automotive components. e-Polymers, 2023, 23.1: 20230129.
HAOYU, Yang, et al. Synthesis and comprehensive characterization of bio-based polyamide 56/6 Copolymer: Mechanical, Thermal, and processing properties. European Polymer Journal, 2024, 202: 112593.
HASSAN, Mohamed El Sayed; BAI, Jun; DOU, De-Qiang. Biopolymers; definition, classification, and applications. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, v. 62, n. 9, p. 1725-1737, 2019.
HESHMATI, M. Durability and long-term performance of adhesively bonded FRP/steel joints. Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola (Sweden), 2017.
HUA, Yifang et al. Surface modification of glass fibers for flame retardant and reinforced polyamide 6 composites. Composites Communications, v. 35, p. 101308, 2022.
HUANG, S.; et al. Characterization of interfacial properties between fibre and polymer matrix in composite materials–A critical review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v. 13, p. 1441-1484, 2021.
JIMENEZ, Maude; DUQUESNE, Sophie; BOURBIGOT, Serge. Enhanced fire retardant properties of glass-fiber reinforced Polyamide 6, 6 by combining bulk and surface treatments: Toward a better understanding of the fire-retardant mechanism. Polymer degradation and stability, 2013, 98.7: 1378-1388.
KANG, Hongliang et al. Thermal induced crystalline transition of bio-based polyamide 56. Polymer, v. 242, p. 124540, 2022.
KIM, J. W.; JANG, H.; KIM, Jin Woo. Friction and wear of monolithic and glass-fiber reinforced PA66 in humid conditions. Wear, v. 309, n. 1-2, p. 82-88, 2014.
LEE, Younghyun et al. Renewable routes to monomeric precursors of nylon 66 and nylon 6 from food waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 227, p. 624-633, 2019.
LUO, Keming, et al. The Relationships between the Structure and Properties of PA56 and PA66 and Their Fibers. Polymers, 2023, 15.13: 2877.
MOFAKHAMI, Eeva et al. Microstructure-mechanical properties relationships in vibration welded glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 66: A high-resolution X-ray microtomography study. Polymer Testing, v. 85, p. 106454, 2020.
MORALES-GÁMEZ, Laura, et al. Brill transition and melt crystallization of nylon 56: An odd–even polyamide with two hydrogen-bonding directions. Polymer, 2010, 51.24: 5788-5798.
PÉREZ-CAMARGO, Ricardo Arpad, et al. Structure, morphology and crystallization of isodimorphic random copolymers: Copolyesters, copolycarbonates and copolyamides. Polymer, 2023, 126412.
POLMAN, Emma M.N.; GRUTER, Gert-Jan M.; PARSONS, John R.; TIETEMA, Albert. Comparison of the aerobic biodegradation of biopolymers and thecorresponding bioplastics: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 753.
POSSARI, Laís T., et al. "Dualistic effect of Kraft lignin on the viscoelastic behavior of biodegradable biobased PBSA." Materials Today Communications 29 (2021): 102847.
PRESTES PIRES, Pamela Galera. Adição de resíduo termofixo em matriz de polipropileno reciclado: análise de propriedades térmicas e mecânicas. 2017.
STOCKMANN, Paul N. et al. Biobased chiral semi-crystalline or amorphous high-performance polyamides and their scalable stereoselective synthesis. Nature communications, v. 11, n. 1, p. 509, 2020.
TROITZSCH, Juergen H. Fire performance durability of flame retardants in polymers and coatings. Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 2023.
VeeloRe. Biopoliamida 5.X – Transformando o Futuro, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.veelore.com/produtos-e-aplica%C3%A7%C3%B5es>. Acesso em 11, março, 2022.
VENOOR, Varun et al. Understanding the effect of water in polyamides: a review. Polymer Reviews, v. 61, n. 3, p. 598-645, 2021.
WANG, Yu, et al. Crystallization of polyamide 56/polyamide 66 blends: Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2018, 135.26: 46409.
WANG, Zhe, et al. Isodimorphism in polyamide 56/polyamide 66 blends with controllable thermal and mechanical properties. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2022, 4.12: 9407-9416.
WANG, Zhongkai; GANEWATTA, Mitra S.; TANG, Chuanbing. Sustainable polymers from biomass: Bridging chemistry with materials and processing. Progress in Polymer Science, v. 101, p. 101197, 2020.
WATANABE, Makoto; YAMAGUCHI, Haruchiyo. The friction and wear properties of nylon. Wear, v. 110, n. 3-4, p. 379-388, 1986.
XIAO, Yuling; UM, Xiaowei; WANG, Bibo; HU Weizhao; WANG, Juling; ZHOU, Feng; MA, Chao; HU, Yuan; SONG, Lei. A novel phosphorous-containing polymeric compatibilizer: Effective reinforcement andflame retardancy in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites. Composites Part B, 2020.
XUE, Chengfeng et al. Fabrication of bio-based polyamide 56 and antibacterial nanofiber membrane from cadaverine. Chemosphere, v. 266, p. 128967, 2021.
ZHANG, Longhui, et al. Temperature dependent dynamic compressive response of PA66-GF30 composite under constant strain rate multiaxial loading. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2022, 234: 109738.
ZHANG, Yuhui, et al. Modification of biobased polyamide 56 to achieve ultra-toughening. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, 2021, 60.14: 1585-1604.
ZHU, Ruishu, et al. Inclusion/exclusion behavior of comonomer units in isodimorphic crystallization of biobased copolyamides PA6/PA56. European Polymer Journal, 2023, 197: 112361.
