Optimization of the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Humulus lupulus extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n8-033Keywords:
Humulus lupulus, silver nanoparticles, optimization, design of experiments, green synthesisAbstract
Metallic nanoparticles have been gaining prominence in biotechnology due to their unique physicochemical characteristics. Synthesis methods are discussed; however, green synthesis using plant sources is gaining more notoriety due to the accessibility, reliability, and zero toxicity of the process, which should be further explored due to the high capacity of plants to act as reducing agents. In the present work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Humulus lupulus (hops) was studied, focusing on the search for non-toxic, sustainable, and economically viable methods for the production of high-value-added nanomaterials. The methodology combined the preparation of the aqueous extract by thermal infusion with the optimization of the synthesis through a sequential strategy of design of experiments and process optimization, where a Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) was applied to screen the variables used, followed by a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) combined with Response Surface Methodology. The generated nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), where the results demonstrated the formation of crystalline spherical nanoparticles with a core size of 43.4 ± 5.8 nm. Based on the response surface and statistical analysis, it was possible to infer that hops act efficiently as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of AgNPs, showing viability for the green industrial production of this compound.
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