A aplicação da ultrassonografia Doppler venosa na triagem da trombose venosa profunda no pronto atendimento: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n7-008Keywords:
trombose venosa profunda, ultrassonografia Doppler, diagnóstico por imagem, pronto atendimento, triagem clínicaAbstract
A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) é uma condição relevante no pronto atendimento devido ao risco de evolução para embolia pulmonar. Os métodos tradicionais de triagem, como exame físico, escores clínicos e D-dímero, apresentam limitações que dificultam o diagnóstico precoce. Nesse cenário, a ultrassonografia Doppler surge como alternativa rápida, segura e com alta acurácia para identificação de trombos. Sua aplicação imediata contribui para reduzir complicações e otimizar o fluxo assistencial. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a importância do Doppler venoso na triagem da trombose venosa profunda em serviços de emergência por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases BVS e PubMed, entre 2020 e 2025, utilizando descritores específicos e critérios rigorosos de elegibilidade. Após a seleção, 19 artigos compuseram a amostra final, incluindo estudos originais e revisões relevantes. A metodologia contemplou análise crítica dos achados, com foco em aplicabilidade clínica, acurácia diagnóstica e impacto assistencial. Os principais resultados demonstraram elevada sensibilidade do Doppler para tromboses proximais, redução do tempo diagnóstico e início precoce da anticoagulação. Evidenciou-se também sua efetividade em diferentes cenários, como trauma, COVID-19 e pediatria, além do benefício da modalidade POCUS. A discussão mostra que, embora dependente da experiência do examinador, o Doppler supera limitações dos métodos clínicos e laboratoriais isolados e reduz internações desnecessárias. Protocolos padronizados, capacitação multiprofissional e expansão do uso de aparelhos portáteis ampliam sua eficácia. Conclui-se que o Doppler venoso é ferramenta essencial, segura e custo-efetiva para o diagnóstico precoce e manejo adequado da TVP no pronto atendimento.
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