Treinamento de leigos no uso de desfibriladores externos automáticos: eficácia, retenção de habilidades e barreiras para melhoria da sobrevida em parada cardiorrespiratória extra-hospitalar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n4-034Keywords:
desfibriladores externos automáticos, parada cardiorrespiratória extra-hospitalar, treinamento de leigos, educação em saúdeAbstract
A parada cardiorrespiratória extra-hospitalar apresenta taxas de sobrevivência inferiores a 10% em diversas regiões, com o uso precoce de desfibriladores externos automáticos (DEAs) por leigos representando o fator isolado mais impactante para melhora da sobrevida neurológica intacta. A evolução tecnológica dos DEAs de modelos monofásicos para bifásicos com orientação por voz e feedback em tempo real, ampliou sua acessibilidade pública, apesar de barreiras como medo de uso indevido e baixa disponibilidade ao dispositivo. Esta revisão narrativa buscou sintetizar evidências sobre eficácia, retenção de habilidades e barreiras ao treinamento de leigos, com buscas em PubMed e BVS sem filtros de idioma ou ano, utilizando descritores MeSH. Foram incluídos 14 estudos. Os resultados indicam superioridade de treinamentos mistos (presencial + simulações) na aquisição de competências, com declínio significativo após 6-12 meses, sendo necessários novos treinamentos curtos para a manutenção das habilidades. Barreiras principais incluem receio de processo legal, falta de confiança e acesso limitado a DEAs. Conclui-se que treinamentos adaptados, curtos e periódicos são cruciais para otimizar o uso de DEAs na cadeia de sobrevivência. No Brasil, é necessária a implementação de programas nacionais para capacitação comunitária e geolocalização de dispositivos, visando reduzir mortalidade evitável em PCR extra-hospitalar.
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