Ativação de mediadores do sistema complemento por venenos de Bothrops
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n4-019Keywords:
sistema complemento, Bothrops, venenoAbstract
Os venenos de serpentes do gênero Bothrops são compostos por moléculas bioativas que afetam os sistemas hemostático, inflamatório e imunológico, sendo responsáveis por grande parte dos acidentes ofídicos no Brasil. Esta revisão integrativa analisou estudos publicados entre 2022 a 202 sobre a interação desses venenos com o sistema complemento, identificando que eles ativam diferentes vias (clássica, alternativa e da lectina), promovendo a clivagem de C3, C4 e C5, geração de anafilatoxinas e, em alguns casos, formação do complexo de ataque à membrana. Toxinas como metaloproteinases, serinoproteases e fosfolipases A₂ desempenham papel central nesse processo. A ativação do complemento está associada à amplificação da resposta inflamatória, com aumento de citocinas, quimiocinas e mediadores lipídicos, além de efeitos como miotoxicidade, disfunção endotelial, trombose e alterações hemostáticas. Esses achados indicam que o sistema complemento exerce papel fundamental na fisiopatologia do envenenamento botrópico, contribuindo tanto para a resposta imune quanto para o agravamento das lesões, sendo um potencial alvo terapêutico.
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