Biomarcadores moleculares de microRNAs no diagnóstico e prognóstico do câncer de próstata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n3-043Keywords:
genômica, câncer de próstata, marcadores molecularesAbstract
O câncer de próstata (CaP) é uma das neoplasias mais prevalentes e um importante causa de mortalidade entre homens em todo o mundo, representando um relevante problema de saúde pública. A doença apresenta ampla heterogeneidade clínica, podendo variar desde formas indolentes de crescimento lento até variantes altamente agressivas e potencialmente letais. Nesse contexto, a estratificação precisa do risco é fundamental para orientar decisões terapêuticas e aprimorar o delineamento de ensaios clínicos. Nos últimos anos, avanços significativos na área da genômica têm impulsionado a descoberta de novos biomarcadores moleculares para o câncer de próstata. Entre esses, destacam-se marcadores baseados em perfis de expressão gênica, incluindo microRNAs, investigados por meio de tecnologias de alta resolução, como o sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS), RNA-seq e ferramentas de inteligência artificial aplicadas à caracterização tumoral. Esses biomarcadores têm demonstrado potencial para contribuir tanto para a estratificação de risco quanto para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas mais direcionadas. O desenvolvimento dessas abordagens diagnósticas e prognósticas abre novas perspectivas para melhorar a detecção precoce, o prognóstico e a tomada de decisão clínica no manejo do câncer de próstata. No entanto, apesar do grande potencial dessas tecnologias, ainda existem desafios relacionados à validação clínica, à padronização metodológica e à incorporação desses ensaios moleculares na prática clínica de forma efetiva e acessível.
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