Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes com anomalias congênitas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal: análise retrospectiva de 5 anos (2020-2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n3-026Keywords:
anormalidades congênitas, unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal, recém-nascido, mortalidade neonatal, genética médicaAbstract
Considerando que as anomalias congênitas constituem a segunda principal causa de morte infantil no Brasil e são responsáveis por 20-30% das internações em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, com impacto significativo na morbimortalidade neonatal, o presente estudo objetiva caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e os desfechos de pacientes com anomalias congênitas internados em UTI neonatal durante o período de 2020-2024. Para tanto, procedeu-se a estudo retrospectivo observacional incluindo 492 neonatos com anomalias congênitas internados em UTI neonatal de hospital público terciário no nordeste brasileiro, com análise de variáveis demográficas, características maternas, tipos de malformações, intervenções terapêuticas e desfechos, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local (CAAE 78568717.0.0000.5042). Desse modo, observa-se que os 492 pacientes incluídos (54% masculino) representaram 37,7% do total de admissões na UTIN; a idade gestacional média foi 36,2 semanas e o peso médio ao nascer 2.710g; as anomalias mais frequentes foram síndromes genéticas (33,7%), malformações do trato gastrointestinal (24,4%) e cardiopatias congênitas (17,5%); a taxa de mortalidade foi 20,5%; ventilação mecânica foi necessária em 69,9% e cirurgias em 60,6% dos casos, o que permite concluir que pacientes com anomalias congênitas representam população de alta complexidade em UTI neonatal, sendo o reconhecimento precoce, o diagnóstico pré-natal adequado e o manejo multidisciplinar especializado essenciais para melhores desfechos.
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