Uma revisão sobre características mecânicas e ensaios em sistemas de fixação de colunas vertebrais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv12n2-070Keywords:
coluna vertebral, parafusos pediculares, hastes de fixação, ensaios mecânicosAbstract
Os sistemas de fixação para a coluna vertebral objetivam tratar complicações de diferentes naturezas e promover a estabilidade nesta região do corpo. Geralmente são compostos por parafusos pediculares e hastes de fixação ligadas aos elementos da coluna vertebral. Devido à proximidade deste tema com a área de ciências mecânicas esse artigo propõe uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as aplicações e características destes elementos de fixação. Foram analisadas as características geométricas e mecânicas desses elementos bem como os tipos de ensaios mecânicos utilizados pelas pesquisas da área. A pesquisa foi realizada em três bases de dados: Scopus, Web of Science e Pubmed, e de forma complementar foram analisados os produtos de alguns fabricantes desses produtos no mercado. A pesquisa selecionou 28 artigos para o estudo. Três categorias foram definidas: parafusos pediculares, hastes de fixação e sistemas de acoplamento, onde foram analisados aspectos como geometrias e propriedades mecânicas destes elementos e como influenciam nos resultados de ensaios mecânicos. Também foram identificas pesquisas que utilizam ferramentas baseadas no método de elementos finitos para simulação de suas análises. De forma complementar, foi realizado um levantamento de 20 fabricantes destes produtos, onde foram analisados 78 produtos, estabelecendo pontos em comuns com os artigos estudados. como o uso de diâmetro interno cônico, passo de rosca proximal menor e distal maior e hastes de encaixe uniaxial e poliaxial. É possível perceber que os trabalhos científicos contribuem para implementações no mercado pois indicam soluções inovadoras e de aprimoramento para os sistemas de fixação.
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