Óleos essenciais como bioinseticidas: uma análise abrangente de mecanismos de ação, aplicações e perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv11n8-047Keywords:
toxicidade por contato, repelência de insetos, controle de vetoresAbstract
O uso indiscriminado de inseticidas sintéticos na agricultura moderna tem gerado graves problemas ambientais e de saúde pública, como contaminação de ecossistemas, desenvolvimento de resistência em pragas e efeitos adversos sobre organismos não-alvo. Objetiva-se com este estudo revisar os avanços no uso de óleos essenciais (OEs) como bioinseticidas, destacando seus mecanismos de ação, eficácia e aplicações. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, com ênfase em estudos que abordassem o uso de OEs como bioinseticidas. Os resultados demonstram que os OEs possuem diversos mecanismos de ação, incluindo neurotoxicidade, inibição enzimática, disrupção hormonal, estresse oxidativo, repelência e antifeedância. Diversos OEs, como os de orégano, citronela, eucalipto, nim, gerânio e manjericão, apresentaram atividade inseticida contra uma variedade de pragas agrícolas e vetores de doenças. O uso de nanotecnologia e modificações químicas tem sido explorado para melhorar a eficácia e a estabilidade dos OEs. Conclui-se que os OEs representam uma alternativa promissora para o controle de pragas, contribuindo para uma agricultura mais sustentável, mas enfatiza-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas para avaliar sua segurança e otimizar sua aplicação.
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