Digestão de tecidos moles de moluscos para quantificação de metais pesados– uma revisão bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv11n1-002Keywords:
metais pesados, metais traço, moluscos, química ambiental, química analíticaAbstract
Metais pesados são conhecidos por serem altamente tóxicos e bioacumulativos, e no estudo do teor desses elementos em ecossistemas aquáticos, moluscos bivalves e gastrópodes são frequentemente utilizados como bioindicadores devido à sua capacidade de acumular esses contaminantes graças ao seu constante contato com o substrato aquático. Para que a análise de amostras de tecido mole desses moluscos seja possível, se empregam métodos de digestão ácida em sistemas que podem ser abertos ou fechados. Tendo isso em vista, essa revisão sistemática objetivou verificar quais os métodos de digestão mais utilizados em amostras de tecido mole de moluscos, avaliando suas vantagens e potenciais limitações. Para tanto, uma pesquisa sistemática foi feita em 3 bases de dados diferentes, abrangendo o período de 2014 a 2024. Notou-se que todos os estudos utilizaram ácido nítrico (HNO₃) como reagente principal, em uma faixa de concentração de 65–70%. O peróxido de hidrogênio (H₂O₂) também foi amplamente utilizado, figurando em 59% dos estudos. Os sistemas de digestão fechados foram empregados em 61% dos artigos, e apresentaram vantagens significativas, como por exemplo o menor risco de contaminação, tempos de digestão menores e menor gasto de reagentes. Já os métodos de digestão aberta foram empregados em 39% dos estudos, e observou-se que apesar de mais acessíveis, tenderam a exigir maior tempo e apresentam maior risco de contaminação. Concluiu-se que os métodos de digestão fechados, aliados ao uso de ácido nítrico e peróxido de hidrogênio, foram os mais empregados, sendo muito eficientes e apresentando uma ótima relação custo-benefício.
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