Microtomografia de raios X no processamento mineral: aplicações e estado da arte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n12-079Keywords:
microtomografia de raios X, processamento mineral, caracterização mineralAbstract
No processamento mineral, a caracterização detalhada das partículas multifásicas é essencial para garantir a separação eficiente dos minerais valiosos. Sistemas automatizados de análise de imagens baseados em microscopia são comumente utilizados para coletar dados sobre as propriedades minerais. Contudo, como as análises são bidimensionais, os resultados podem não representar a verdadeira estrutura dos minerais. A microtomografia de raios X (µCT) tem se destacado como uma técnica avançada no processamento mineral, permitindo análises tridimensionais detalhadas. Este trabalho discute os fundamentos teóricos da µCT, seus avanços históricos e aplicações no setor mineral, incluindo análises de liberação mineral, porosidade em tortas de filtragem e estabilidade de espuma de flotação. A técnica apresenta-se como uma ferramenta de grande potencial para a caracterização mineral no processamento de minérios. No entanto, seu recente desenvolvimento aplicado a materiais particulados impõe desafios significativos, resultando em um número limitado de estudos publicados sobre sua utilização.
References
BARUCHEL, J. et al, editors. X-ray Tomography in Material Science. 1st ed. Hermes Science Publications, Paris, 2000.
BECKMANN, F. Neutron and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Imaging for Applications in Materials Science – From Macro- to Nanotomography: Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
EVANS, C.L. et al. Quantifying mineral grain size distributions for process modelling using X-ray micro-tomography. Minerals Engineering 82, 78–83, 2015.
FENG, Y. et al. Methodology for identifying and quantifying microstructural properties of filter cakes using X-ray microtomography. Minerals Engineering v. 2020, p. 106275, 2020.
KAK A C, SLANEY M. Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging, Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2001.
KASTNER J, HARRER B, REQUENA G, BRUNKE O. A comparative study of high-resolution cone beam X-ray tomography and synchrotron tomography applied to Fe- and Al-alloys. NDT&E International 43, 599-605, 2010.
LANDIS E N, KEANE D T. X-ray microtomography. Materials Characterization 61, 1305-1316, 2010.
LIN, C.L., MILLER, J.D. Cone beam X-ray microtomography for three-dimensional liberation analysis in the 21st century. Int. J. of Mineral Processing 47, 61-73, 1996.
LIN, C.L., MILLER, J.D. 3D characterization and analysis of particle shape using X-ray microtomography (XMT). Powder Technology 154, 61-69, 2005.
LIN, C.L., MILLER, J.D. Cone beam X-ray microtomography-a new facility for three-dimensional analysis of multiphase materials. Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration 19, 65-71, 2002.
MILLER, J.D. et al. Liberation-limited grade/recovery curves from X-ray micro CT analysis of feed material for the evaluation of separation efficiency. Int. J. of Mineral Processing 93, 48-53, 2009.
MILLER, J.D., LIN, C.L. X-ray tomography for mineral processing technology – 3D particle characterization from mine to mill. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 35, 1-12, 2018.
OLIVEIRA, G. J. R. et al. Determination of mineral liberation of a bauxite ore based on 3D compositional and textural characteristics using X-ray microtomography. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review v. 159, p. 106536, 2021a.
OLIVEIRA, G. J. R. et al. Evaluation of mineral liberation and stereological bias based on X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy for an iron ore tailing. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy v. 131, p. 250-259, 2021b.
RAMOS, G.J. et al. Evaluation of the conventional and synchrotron X-ray tomography applied to heterogeneous oil reservoir rocks. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 7, 1-15, 2019.
REYES, F. et al. Calibrated X-ray micro-tomography for mineral ore quantification. Minerals Engineering 110, 122–130, 2017.
REYES, F. et al. Quantifying mineral liberation by particle grade and surface exposure using X-ray microCT. Minerals Engineering 125, 75–82, 2018.
RINNE, P. et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of live mineral froth using X-ray microtomography. Minerals Engineering v. 2024, p. 109112, 2024.
SEIBERT J A, BOONE J M. X-ray imaging physics for nuclear medicine technologists. Part 2: X-ray interactions and image formation. J Nucl Med Technol 33, 3-18, 2005.
SHARMA, S. et al. Multi-scale features including water content of polymer induced kaolinite floc structures. Minerals Engineering v. 100, p. 127-134, 2017.
STROBL M et al. Advances in neutron radiography and tomography. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 243001, 2009.
TREIMER W. Imaging. In: Reimers W et al. Neutrons and synchrotron radiation in engineering materials science. Weinheim: Wiley-Vch Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017.
UEDA, T. et al. Experimental analysis of mineral liberation and stereological bias based on X-ray computed tomography and artificial binary particles. Advanced Powder Technology 29, 462–470, 2018.
UEDA, T. Experimental validation of a statistical reliability method for the liberation distribution measurement of ore particles. Minerals Engineering 140, 2019.
WANG, Y. et al. Quantitative analysis of exposed grain surface area for multiphase particles using X-ray microtomography. Powder Technology 308, 368–377, 2017.
WANG, Y. et al. Stereological correction of perimeter-based estimates of exposed grain surface area. Minerals Engineering 126, 64–73, 2018.
WILLS, B.A., FINCH, J.A. Will’s Mineral Processing Technology. 8ed. Elsevier, Oxford, 2016.
ZAMBRANO, M. et al. Pore-scale dual-porosity and dual-permeability modeling in an exposed multi-facies porous carbonate reservoir. Marine and Petroleum Geology 128, 105004, 2021.
ZHANG, F.; BOURNIVAL, G.; RAMANDI, H. L.; ATA, S. Digital cake analysis: A novel coal filter cake examination technique using microcomputed tomography. Minerals v. 13, n. 12, p. 1-18, 2023.
