Impact of filler mixing technique on the properties of natural rubber vulcanizates filled with carbon black/clay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n12-048Keywords:
latex stage filler incorporation, quick coagulation, filler mixing techniques, masterbatchAbstract
An environment friendly, simple process for the manufacture of natural rubber latex-carbon black and natural rubber latex-clay dry masterbatch was developed. Acetic acid based quick coagulation was used for the coacervation of the natural rubber latex-filler blends. The cure characteristics and properties of the latex-filler masterbatch based vulcanizates were compared with the corresponding conventional control vulcanizates prepared using dry natural rubber mixed with the fillers on a two-roll mill. Studies include the evaluation of cure characteristics, mechanical properties, swelling index and scanning electron microscopy.
References
Leblanc J. Rubber–filler interactions and rheological properties in filled compounds. Progress in Polymer Science. 2002;27(4):627-687. doi:10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00040-5
Ismail H, Ramly F, Othman N. Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Filled Natural Rubber: The Effects of Filler Loading and Mixing Method. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2010;49(3):260-266. doi:10.1080/03602550903413888
Zhu D, Wang C, Xiao Y, et al. Studying the continuous wet mixing process based on the silica formula. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2021;138(30):50726. doi:10.1002/app.50726
Sisanth KS, Thomas MG, Abraham J, Thomas S. General introduction to rubber compounding. In: Progress in Rubber Nanocomposites. Elsevier; 2017:1-39. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100409-8.00001-2
Yang J, Tian M, Jia QX, et al. Improved mechanical and functional properties of elastomer/graphite nanocomposites prepared by latex compounding. Acta Materialia. 2007;55(18):6372-6382. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2007.07.043
Alex R, Sasidharan KK, Kurian T, Chandra AK. Carbon black master batch from fresh natural rubber latex. Plastics, Rubber and Composites. 2011;40(8):420-424. doi:10.1179/1743289810Y.0000000038
Phumnok E, Khongprom P, Ratanawilai S. Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites with High Silica Contents Using a Wet Mixing Process. ACS Omega. 2022;7(10):8364-8376. doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c05848
Bijina V, Jandas PJ, Jose J, Muhammed Ajnas N, Abhitha KP, John H. Tuning the low rolling resistance, wet grip, and heat build‐up properties of tyre tread formulations using carbon black/thermally exfoliated graphite hybrid fillers. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2023;140(8):e53508. doi:10.1002/app.53508
Eirich FR. Handbook of fillers and reinforcements for plastics, Harry S. Katz and John V. Milewski, Eds., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1978, 652 pp., $44.95. J Polym Sci B Polym Lett Ed. 1978;16(10):551-551. doi:10.1002/pol.1978.130161012
Han JJ, He XL, Guo WH, Wu CF. Effects of filler–rubber interaction on dynamic mechanical properties and reinforcement of NR vulcanisates. Plastics, Rubber and Composites. 2007;36(4):149-154. doi:10.1179/174328907X191422
Qiu Y, Zhang A, Wang L. Carbon Black–Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber Masterbatch Based on Simple Mixing of Latex and Carbon Black Suspension: Preparation and Mechanical Properties. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B. 2015;54(12):1541-1553. doi:10.1080/00222348.2015.1103434
Yin C, Zhang Q, Gong D. Preparation and properties of silica/styrene butadiene rubber masterbatches by latex co-coagulating technology. Polym Compos. 2014;35(6):1212-1219. doi:10.1002/pc.22770
Howland LH, White WW, Messer WE. The Effect of Masterbatching, Compounding, and Testing Variables on Constant-Slip Abrasion Results. Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 1954;27(4):977-995. doi:10.5254/1.3543551
Rattanasom N, Prasertsri S, Ruangritnumchai T. Comparison of the mechanical properties at similar hardness level of natural rubber filled with various reinforcing-fillers. Polymer Testing. 2009;28(1):8-12. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.08.004
Robertson CG, Hardman NJ. Nature of Carbon Black Reinforcement of Rubber: Perspective on the Original Polymer Nanocomposite. Polymers. 2021;13(4):538. doi:10.3390/polym13040538
Schneider NS, Desper CR, Singler RE. The thermal transition behavior of polyorganophosphazenes. J Appl Polym Sci. 1976;20(11):3087-3103. doi:10.1002/app.1976.070201114
McKenna GB, Flynn KM, Chen Y. Swelling in crosslinked natural rubber: experimental evidence of the crosslink density dependence of χ. Polymer. 1990;31(10):1937-1945. doi:10.1016/0032-3861(90)90020-Y
