Synthesis of Dipiperazine Thiuramdisulphide (DPTD) and its application as a safe accelerator for the vulcanisation of natural rubber
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n3-003Keywords:
vulcanisation, natural rubber, safe chemical, accelerator, nitrosamineAbstract
Dipiperazine thiuramdisulphide (DPTD) prepared in the laboratory using piperazine, triethyl amine and carbon disulphide as reactants acts as an accelerator for the vulcanization of natural rubber. The DPTD synthesised in our laboratory was characterized by FTIR, CHNS and the estimation of amine value. Results of the MTT assay test shows that the DPTD is a safe (non-carcinogenic) chemical. For comparable dosages of the accelerator, the DPTD based latex and dry natural rubber (NR) vulcanisates show improved mechanical properties as compared to tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) based vulcanisates. DPTD may be considered as a safe replacement for the nitrosamine generating TMTD in natural rubber based formulations.
References
B. Spiegelhalder and C.D.Wacker., in Nitrosamine and Related N-Nitroso Compounds:
Chapter 4, “Prevention of Nitrosamine Exposure in the Rubber Industry” ACS Symposium Series, Loeppky, R., et al. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, (1994)
L.S. Jonsson , C.H. Lindh , U Bergendorf, A Axmon, M Littorin and Bo AG Jonsson , “N-nitrosamines in the southern Swedish rubber industries – exposure, health effects, and immunologic markers”, Scand J Work Environ Health.35.3, 203 (2009). https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1323
R.N. Datta and A.J. de Hoog, “Improved Rubber Properties by using N-t-Butyl-2-benzothiazole Sulfenimide” KGK, 54, 5, 256 (2001).
R.W. Layer and D.W. Chasar, “MINIMIZING NITROSAMINES USING STERICALLY HINDERED THIURAM DISULFIDES/ DITHIOCARBAMATES”, Rubber Chem. Technol, 67. 299 (1994). https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3538676
J. F. Stieber, R J Cornell, J M Wefer, David Hajdasz and Jeffrey Otis, “IN SITU PREPARATION OF BIS – (BENZOTHIAZOLESULFEN)AMIDE IN A POLYMERIC MATRIX”, U.S. Patent 6,573,339 B1, June 3, 2003.
P. Sheth and R.N.Desai, “Nitrosamine Generating Accelerators in Curing of Rubber” IJSRD.1,3, 529 (2013).
P. Sheth and R. N. Desai, “Replacing TMTD with Nitrosamine Free TBzTD- Accelerator in Curing of Rubber” IJSRD.1,3, 532 (2013).
B. Spiegelhalder, and R. Preussman, “Occupational nitrosamine exposure. 1. Rubber and tyre industry” Carcinogenesis.4,9, 1147 (1983). DOI: 10.1093/carcin/4.9.1147
Jong-eun Park, Jung-eun Seo, Jee-yeon Lee and Hoonjeong Kwon, “ Distribution of Seven N-Nitrosamines in Food”, Toxicological Research, 31, 3, 279 (2015). DOI:10.5487/TR.2015.31.3.279
K. Abhitha, P. Kurian, T. Kurian, and L. Jayabalan., “Studies on Non-regulated Safe Binary Accelerator System for Efficient Vulcanisation of Natural Rubber”, Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology. 29, 2, 99 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1177/147776061302900203
B. Oury, J.C. Limasset and J.C. Protois, “Assessment of exposure to carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the rubber industry” Int Arch Occup Environ Health,70. 261 (1997). DOI:10.1007/s004200050217
H. M. Samuel and M. Benjamin, “Preparation of Dried Latex Films,”ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.20.6,545 (1948).
J. R. Dyer, “Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1991.
T.H. Ferrigno in “Handbook of Fillers and Reinforcements of Plastics”, H.S. Katz and J.B. Milewski (eds.), Van Nostand Reinhold Company, New York (1978).
