Metformina: uma nova perspectiva para o tratamento de desordens cancerígenas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n8-026Keywords:
metformina, câncer, tratamento farmacológico, via AMPKAbstract
A metformina representa o fármaco hipoglicemiante de maior utilização global, exibindo evidências epidemiológicas, clínicas e pré-clínicas como um potencial agente anticancerígeno. Notavelmente, a metformina proporciona uma redução de aproximadamente 30% no risco de câncer ao longo da vida em pacientes diabéticos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo consiste em fornecer uma descrição fundamentada em indícios científicos, obtidas por meio de análise crítica de pesquisas, sobre a ação da metformina na prevenção e tratamento do câncer. Infere-se que a metformina pode atuar nas células cancerígenas através da ativação da proteína quinase ativada por monofosfato de adenosina (AMPK), responsável pela homeostase celular. Como resultado desta indução enzimática mediada por fármaco, há regulação de vias metabólicas as quais contrapõem-se a tumorigênese. Exemplifica-se a redução da gliconeogênese hepática mediada por AMPK e decréscimo dos níveis plasmáticos de insulina, conduzindo a uma diminuição na bioatividade do receptor de insulina (IR) e receptor do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina (IGF-1R), os quais modulam vias de proliferação e diferenciação celular. Em adição, investigações científicas sugerem que a metformina pode intervir diretamente no metabolismo energético, regulação do ciclo celular, resposta imunológica, processo inflamatório e síntese de nucleotídeos de células neoplásicas. Destarte, a metformina pode ser considerada um agente farmacológico promissor para a quimioterapia do câncer em decorrência de seus efeitos antiproliferativos e pró-apoptóticos.
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