Síntesis y caracterización de poli(metil metacrilato-co-sulfopropil metacrilato) para su aplicación como membranas de intercambio protónico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n7-131Keywords:
membrana de intercambio protónico, metilmetacrilato, sulfopropilmetacrilato, copolímeros acrílicosAbstract
En este trabajo se obtuvieron membranas sulfonadas a partir de la copolimerización radicalaria al azar del MMA y del SPMAK para su potencial uso como membranas de intercambio protónico. Se emplearon cuatro relaciones molares diferentes entre el MMA y el SPMAK para estudiar el efecto del grado de sulfonación en sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Se usó el análisis de FTIR para identificar los grupos químicos funcionales presentes en la estructura de las membranas, se obtuvo la temperatura de transición vítrea (Tg) por calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC); además, se determinó la capacidad de absorción de agua y el ángulo de contacto con el agua. Finalmente, la capacidad de intercambio iónico y propiedades de transporte de iones fueron evaluadas. Este conjunto de propiedades fisicoquímicas permite considerar a las membranas obtenidas con un alto potencial de aplicación en celdas de combustibles, tratamiento de agua y aplicaciones relacionadas con el transporte de protones. Se identificó una banda de absorción a 1726 cm-1 asignada al estiramiento C=O que pertenece al éster y la banda 2935 cm-1 debido al estiramiento del –CH2–, que son bandas características para PMMA, de igual manera, se identificaron las bandas en 1180 cm-1 y 1045 cm-1 las cuales se asignaron al enlace O=S=O, asociadas a la presencia de grupo sulfónico. Se observó una disminución de la Tg de los copolímeros conforme aumentaba el contenido de SPMAK y al mismo tiempo se observó un aumento en la absorción de agua. En este sentido los ángulos de contacto obtenidos, para PMMA fue de 72°, disminuyendo conforme la composición de SPMAK aumentaba así; en el copolímero 88.5:11.5 %MMA/SPMAK se obtuvo un ángulo de contacto de 41° y para el de 78.5:21.5% fue de 0°. Los copolímeros aleatorios SPMAK-11.5 y SPMAK-21.5 mostraron un aumento en la IEC con respecto al homopolímero de PMMA, presentando valores de 0.1948, 0.4316 y 0.9784 mmol g-1, con una tendencia casi lineal en el incremento de la composición del monómero sulfonado. La permeabilidad y el flujo iónico para el copolímero SPMAK-11.5 son de 95 % y 4.2586 m/s, respectivamente, mayores al PMMA.
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