Evaluation of the applicability of Gail's method in patients undergoing breast biopsy at a brazilian hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n7-037Keywords:
breast neoplasms, breast, risk factors, primary prevention, early diagnosisAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To verify the accuracy of the Gail Model (GM) in risk assessment in patients with suspected breast cancer and to determine the need to adapt the GM or develop a new model for accurate risk assessment of these patients. METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, based on the analysis of data provided by the medical records of 200 patients treated between 2017 and 2021, from the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (HUEM). RESULTS: 155 women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 45 were not. The mean age was 54.23 years and the mean age at menarche was 13 years. Also, only 13 medical records contained information on age at birth of the 1st child or absence of children, and the mean age obtained was 26.77 years. Ethnic prevalence was white and most patients had no first-degree relatives with breast cancer. Regarding previous breast biopsies, most had already performed at least one, but few received a result of atypical hyperplasia. Furthermore, most of the study patients diagnosed with breast cancer had no positive family history of the disease. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the GM isn't reliable in assuming the risk of the studied population to develop breast CA, since, when comparing the GM data between groups that had and didn't have the disease, there was no significant difference.
References
Câncer de mama - versão para Profissionais de Saúde [Internet]. INCA - Instituto Nacional de Câncer. 2018. Available in : https://www.inca.gov.br/tipos-de-cancer/cancer-de-mama/profissional-de-saude.
Ferreira GZ, Campelo VS. Estudo de base populacional: tendência de mortalidade por câncer de mama em mulheres no estado do Paraná de 2000 a 2017 [tese]. Curitiba: Medicina, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná; 2020. Available in: https://dspace.mackenzie.br/bitstream/handle/10899/28018/11%20-%20GABRIEL%20E%20VICTOR.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Rocha-Brischiliari S, Andrade L, Nihei OK, Brischiliari A, Hortelan MS, Carvalho SMP. Spatial distribution of breast caner mortality: Socioeconomic disparities and access to treatment in the state of Parana, Brazil. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2018:1-15. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205253October31,20182/15
Torresan RZ, Tiezzi DG, Facina G, Santos CC. Abordagem clínica dos grupos de risco elevado para câncer de mama. FEMINA [Internet]. 2019; 47(2): 156-166. Available in: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2019/12/1046504/femina-2019-473-156-166.pdf.
Lee BL, Liedke PE, Barrios CH, Simon SD, Finkelstein DM, Goss PE. Breast cancer in Brazil: present status and future goals. The Lancet Oncology. 2012 Mar;13(3):e95–102. Available in: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22381937/
Thornton H, Pillarisetti RR. “Breast awareness” and “breast self-examination” are not the same. What do these terms mean? Why are they confused? What can we do?. European Journal of Cancer. 2008 Oct;44(15):2118–21. Available in: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18805689/
Urban LABD, Schaefer MB, Duarte DL, Santos RP, Maranhão NMA, Kefalas AL. Recomendações do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia e da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia para rastreamento do câncer de mama por métodos de imagem. Radiol Bras 2012; 45(6):334-339. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842012000600009
Crusoé NSDR, Pinheiro AB, Oliveira JF, Bertrand SAB, Machado MCM, Rio JA, et al. Avaliação da aplicabilidade do modelo de Gail como preditor de risco de câncer de mama em mulheres baianas. Revista Brasileira de Mastologia. 2015 Mar 1;25(1):3–7. Available in: https://www.mastology.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/MAS_v25n1_3-7.pdf
Reyes VB. Estimativa de risco de câncer de mama, segundo o Modelo de Gail, em uma população submetida a rastreamento mamográfico em Porto Alegre [tese] [Internet]. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2009. Available in: https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/16768#:~:text=As%20estimativas%20m%C3%A9dias%20da%20amostra,2%2C6)%2C%20respectivamente.
Vianna FSL, Giacomazzi J, Oliveira Netto CB, et al. Performance of the Gail and Tyrer-Cuzick breast cancer risk assessment models in women screened in a primary care setting with the FHS-7 questionnaire. Genet. Mol. Biol. 2019; 42(1):232-237. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2018-0110.
Moraes DC de, Almeida AM de, Figueiredo EN de, Loyola EAC de, Panobianco MS. Opportunistic screening actions for breast cancer performed by nurses working in primary health care. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2016 Feb;50(1):14–21. Available in: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420160000100002.
Tachibana BMT, Ribeiro RL de M, Federicci ÉEF, Feres R, Lupinacci FAS, Yonekura I, et al. The delay of breast cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. Einstein (São Paulo). 2021;19. Available in: https://journal.einstein.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/2317-6385-eins-19-eAO6721/2317-6385-eins-19-eAO6721-pt.pdf.
INCA. Nota Técnica – DIDEPRE/CONPREV/INCA. Detecção precoce de câncer de mama durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Março, 2020. Available in: https://www.inca.gov.br/sites/ufu.sti.inca.local/files//media/document//nota_tecnica_deteccao_precoce_covid_marco_2020.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Dados e números sobre câncer de mama. Relatório anual 2022 [Internet]. Rio de Janeiro, 2022. Available in: https://www.inca.gov.br/sites/ufu.sti.inca.local/files//media/document//dados_e_numeros_site_cancer_mama_setembro2022.pdf
Radecka B, Litwiniuk M. Breast cancer in young women. Ginekologia Polska [Internet]. 2016;87(9):659–63. Available in: https://journals.viamedica.pl/ginekologia_polska/article/view/GP.2016.0062/
Nova molécula provoca a autodestruição de células de câncer de mama agressivo [Internet]. Unicamp. [citado em 15 Out 2022]. Available in: https://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/index.php/ju/noticias/2022/05/18/nova-molecula-provoca-autodestruicao-de-celulas-de-cancer-de-mama-agressivo
Ghafoor A, Jemal A, Ward E, Cokkinides V, Smith R, Thun M. Trends in Breast Cancer by Race and Ethnicity. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2003 Nov 1;53(6):342–55. Available in: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15224974/
Gail MH, Costantino JP, Pee D, Bondy M, Newman L, Selvan M, et al. Projecting Individualized Absolute Invasive Breast Cancer Risk in African American Women. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2007 Nov 27;99(23):1782–92. Available in: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18042936/#:~:text=Using%20eligibility%20screening%20data%20from,Breast%20Cancer%20Risk%20Assessment%20Tool
Pesquisa avalia desigualdade racial no tratamento do câncer de mama [Internet]. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. [cited in 16 Out 2022]. Available in: https://www.gov.br/cnpq/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/pesquisa-do-dia/pesquisa-avalia-desigualdade-racial-no-tratamento-do-cancer-de-mama
Nogueira MC, Guerra MR, Cintra JRD, Corrêa CSL, Fayer VA, Bustamante-Teixeira MT. Disparidade racial na sobrevivência em 10 anos para o câncer de mama: uma análise de mediação usando de respostas potenciais. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2018 Set 6;34(9). Available in: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00211717
Buranello MC, Walsh IAP de, Pereira G de A, Castro SS de. Histórico familiar para câncer de mama em mulheres: estudo populacional em Uberaba (MG) utilizando o Family History Screen-7. Saúde em Debate [Internet]. 2021 Out 18; 45:681–90. Available in: https://www.scielo.br/j/sdeb/a/xsChpwwBhdJJZZKCYmngSgQ/?lang=pt
Adami HO, Hunter D, Trichopoulos D. Textbook of cancer epidemiology. Oxford University Press; 2008.
Barros B de S, Kuschnir MCMC, Bloch KV, Silva TLN da. ERICA: age at menarche and its association with nutritional status. Jornal de Pediatria. 2019 Jan;95(1):106–11. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.12.004
