Mecanismos de erupção dental: uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n7-031Keywords:
erupção dentária, raiz dentária, ligamento periodontal, folículo dentário, remodelação óssea, ligante RANKAbstract
A erupção dos dentes é um evento biológico que envolve diversos estágios até resultar no posicionamento do órgão na cavidade oral. Trata-se de um complexo processo que desde a formação intraóssea até atingir o plano funcional, envolve mudanças teciduais e anatômicas, ativação de vários genes e a liberação de fatores de crescimento e hormônios. O folículo dental, um tecido conjuntivo frouxo adjacente ao dente em formação, é o mais importante alvo de regulação no processo de erupção, pois a partir da liberação de seus produtos e interação com outros, o processo de remodelação óssea na cripta, formação do ligamento periodontal e crescimento radicular são iniciados. Historicamente, várias teorias foram elaboradas com o propósito de responder à pergunta de como os dentes erupcionam. Entre as principais teorias elaboradas, a do crescimento radicular, ligamento periodontal e a modulação do osso da cripta através dos processos de reabsorção e formação óssea são as mais embasadas para explicar o mecanismo. Essa revisão de literatura retoma, à vista disso, os conceitos previamente propostos para cada uma dessas teorias e busca relacionar com experimentos e pesquisas mais recentes nessa área. Além disso, associado às teorias são citadas correlações clínicas, como deficiências ou más formações, que reiteram a premissa da teoria para o mecanismo de erupção ou ainda se contrapõe ao princípio do mecanismo.
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