Panorama das novas tecnologias no diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Visceral em vigência de coinfecção com o vírus HIV: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n4-098Keywords:
Leishmaniasis, visceral, Visceral leishmaniasis, Human immunodeficiency vírus, HIV, diagnosisAbstract
Contextualização: As doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs) ocorrem em condições de clima tropical e subtropical e estão intimamente ligadas à pobreza, prosperando em áreas onde o acesso ao saneamento básico, água potável e cuidados de saúde é limitado. A leishmaniose encontra-se na atual lista das 20 DTNs definidas pela OMS. Falhas recorrentes no diagnóstico da LVH, muitas vezes associadas às abordagens convencionais são determinantes para os desfechos de morbimortalidade. Justificativa: Ressalta-se a importância da avaliação científica e criteriosa a respeito das novas metodologias diagnósticas de precisão, para que sejam tomadas medidas terapêuticas eficazes visando mitigar os efeitos da evolução da leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH), sobretudo nos pacientes coinfectados pelo vírus HIV (LVH-HIV). Objetivo: Discutir as recentes tecnologias de precisão diagnóstica em LVH, na situação de coinfecção o HIV. Metodologia: A revisão integrativa foi conduzida conforme parâmetros metodológicos previamente estabelecidos, obedecendo etapas rigorosas de confecção. Estas fases são essenciais na identificação do tema de pesquisa, formulação dos critérios de inclusão, extração de dados oriundos dos estudos inclusos, análise metodológica destes, além da interpretação de resultados e síntese descritiva. Resultados: Após a busca e seleção de estudos nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Pubmed/Medline e Embase, avaliamos 201 estudos, delimitando 13 destes como pertinentes exclusivamente aos critérios de inclusão. O conjunto avaliado indica avanço promissor em áreas como: Proteômica, imunoproteômica, processos moleculares avançados, nanodiagnóstico e citometria de fluxo. Conclusão: O diagnóstico preciso e oportuno da condição LVH-HIV desempenha papel crucial na identificação de pacientes, inclusive assintomáticos e subclínicos. As novas metodologias diagnósticas de precisão surgem como opções revolucionárias e merecem investigações científicas futuras para se recomendar a melhor conduta baseada em evidências, fornecendo ao paciente melhores desfechos em morbimortalidade.
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