Síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível: aspectos clínicos e de neuroimagem
Reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and neuroimage aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n10-289Keywords:
Síndrome da Encefalopatia Posterior Reversível, Encefalopatia posterior, Encefalopatia hipertensivaAbstract
O termo síndrome da leucoencefalopatia posterior reversível foi descrito por Hinchey no ano de 1996, com propósito de contemplar a encefalopatia hipertensiva e suas particularidades a uma única síndrome clínica e neurorradiológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar os aspectos clínicos e de neuroimagem da síndrome da encefalopatia posterior reversível (PRES) presentes na literatura. Para isso foi realizado trabalho de revisão bibliográfica da literatura. A busca dos trabalhos na literatura foi realizada por meio de pesquisa nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline/Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), Scielo, Lilacs e Google Scholar. O corte temporal aplicado foi de 6 anos. Os resultados demostraram que os sintomas clínicos mais comuns da PRES estão caracterizados por cefaleia, alteração do estado de consciência, que pode levar a estupor e coma, convulsões, náuseas, vômitos, déficits neurológicos focais e alterações. Foi possível identificar quatro padrões principais de PRES, sendo eles: padrão de distribuição holo-hemisférica, padrão do sulco frontal superior, padrão parietal-occipital dominante, expressão parcial e/ou assimétrica dos padrões primários. Conclui-se que a PRES é uma síndrome neurológica que pode surgir em vários contextos, muitas vezes sem qualquer fator de risco habituais diagnosticados sendo encontrada na prática de várias especialidades e estando provavelmente muito subdiagnosticada. A familiarização com esta entidade permitirá o reconhecimento e instituição de terapêutica precocemente, com o objetivo de melhorar o prognóstico destes doentes.
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