Morphological evaluation of intestinal epithelial cells infected with <em>toxoplasma gondii</em>
Avaliação morfológica de células do epitelial intestinal infectadas com <em>toxoplasma gondii</em>
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n9-136Keywords:
intestinal epithelial cell, IEC-6, cell culture, <em>Toxoplasma gondi</em>Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by intracellular obligate protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. And it can be obtained mainly through the oral route, through the ingestion of oocysts or tissue cysts. For this reason, the intestinal epithelium is a cellular model that makes it possible to study the first line of defense against this type of infection. After infection, the protozoan invades intestinal cells, changing the physiology and functions of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In view of this, we analyzed the morphological changes and the microenvironment, in vitro, which are modified in the intestinal epithelial cell during the process of infection and evasion of Toxoplasma gondii.
References
BARRAGAN, Antonio; BROSSIER, Fabien; SIBLEY, L. David (2005) Transepithelial migration of Toxoplasma gondii involves an interaction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) with the parasite adhesin MIC2. Cellular microbiology, v. 7, n. 4, p. 561-568.
BERNSTEIN, Mariana et al. (2020) Evaluation of biological behavior of Toxoplasma gondii atypical isolates 14 and 163. Experimental parasitology, v. 211, p. 107860.
BRICEÑO, M.P.; et al. (2016) Toxoplasma gondii Infection Promotes Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction of Caco-2 Cells.; J Histochem Cytochem.; V.64, n. 8, p. 459-69.
BURGER, E. et al. (2018) Loss of Paneth cell autophagy causes acute susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-mediated inflammation. Cell host & microbe, v. 23, n. 2, p. 177-190.
COOMBES, J.L. et al. (2013) Motile invaded neutrophils in the small intestine of Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice reveal a potential mechanism for parasite spread. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. v.110, n. 21.
COURRET, N., et al. (2006) CD11c- and CD11b-expressing mouse leukocytes transport single Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites to the brain. Blood, v.107, n.309.
DE CARVALHO, G.O.A.M. et al. (2021) Morphological evaluation of macrophage infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 7, n. 1, p. 4035-4050.
DUBEY, J.P. et al. (2005) Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers. Journal of Parasitology, v. 91, n. 5, p. 1082-1093.
DUBEY, J.P. et al. (1997) Bradyzoite-induced murine toxoplasmosis: stage conversion, pathogenesis, and tissue cyst formation in mice fed bradvzoites of - different strains of Toxoplasma gondii. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. v. 44, p. 592–602.
DUBEY, J.P.; LINDSAY, D.S.; SPEER, C.A. (1998) Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts. Clinical microbiology reviews, v. 11, n. 2, p. 267-299.
GÓIS, Marcelo Biondaro. (2015) Toxoplasma gondii causa alterações na túnica mucosa e no plexo submucoso do jejuno e do cólon proximal de ratos. Ph.D. Tese em Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá (PR) Brasil.
GREGG, B. et al. (2013) Replication and distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the small intestine after oral infection with tissue cysts. Infection and immunity, v. 81, n. 5, p. 1635-1643.
HOWE, D.K.; SIBLEY, L.D.; (1995) Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, v:172, p:1561-1566.
JONES, E.J.; KORCSMAROS, T.; CARDING, S.R. (2017) Mechanisms and pathways of Toxoplasma gondii transepithelial migration. Tissue Barriers, v:5, n:1.
MENG, Xiao Li et al. (2009) Kinetic observation on the invasion into and proliferation in IEC-6 cells of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites in vitro. Zhongguo ji sheng chong xue yu ji sheng chong bing za zhi Chinese journal of parasitology & parasitic diseases, v. 27, n. 1, p. 39-42.
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE (Brasil). Surtos de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos no Brasil. Disponível em: <http://portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2018/janeiro/17/Apresentacao-Surtos-DTA-2018.pdf>. Publicado em jan. 2018. Acesso em: 08 de mar. 2021.
MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE (Brasil). Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. Disponível em: <https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/saude-de-a-a-z-1/d/doencas-transmitidas-por-alimentos>. Publicado em 16/11/2020 - Atualizado em 27/04/2021. Acesso em: 08 de mai. 2021.
MONTOYA, J. G.; LIESENFELD, O. (2004) Toxoplasmosis. The Lancet, v. 363, p. 1965–1976.
MUNIZ, L.R. et al. (2012) Intestinal antimicrobial peptides during homeostasis, infection, and disease. Frontiers in immunology v. 3 p. 310.
MUNO, R. M. et al. (2014) Spontaneous cystogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii in feline epithelial cells in vitro. Folia Parasitologica, v.62, n.2, p.113-119.
QUARONI, A. et al. (1979) Epithelioid Cell Cultures from Rat Small Intestine Characterization by Morphologic and Immunologic Criteria. The Journal of cell biology, v. 80, n. 2, p. 248-265.
RAMÍREZ-FLORES, C. J. et al. (2019) Characterization of metalloproteases and serine proteases of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and their effect on epithelial cells. Parasitology research, v. 118, n. 1, p. 289-306.
REMINGTON J. S. et al. (2006) Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. In:Toxoplasmosis. Elsevier Saunders. 6º edição. p.947-1091.
SIBLEY, L.D.; ANDREWS, N.W. (2006) Cell Invasion by un-palatable parasites. Traffic, v:1 p:100-106.
SPEER, C. A.; DUBEY, J. P. (1998) Ultrastructure of early stages of infections in mice fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Parasitology, v. 116, n. 1, p. 35-42.
WEIGHT, C.M. et al. (2015) Elucidating pathways of Toxoplasma gondii invasion in the gastrointestinal tract: involvement of the tight junction protein occludin. Microbes and infection, v. 17, n. 10, p. 698-709.

