Plasmodium vivax: gametócitos e estratégias para o bloqueio de transmissão
Plasmodium vivax: gametocytes and strategies to block transmission
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n9-122Keywords:
Malária vivax, gametócitos, bloqueio de transmissão, vacinas, drogasAbstract
A malária é uma doença causada por parasitas do gênero Plasmodium. Considerada um grave problema de saúde pública, a malária está presente em diversos países tropicais e subtropicais, colocando em risco mais da metade da população mundial. Plasmodium vivax é uma das espécies causadoras da malária ao homem e é a das que apresenta maior distribuição geográfica no mundo e, devido a seus aspectos biológicos, tem se tornado um grande desafio em meio a um cenário de eliminação. Os gametócitos são as formas responsáveis pela transmissão do Plasmodium ao vetor, as fêmeas do mosquito Anopheles. Avanços nos estudos da biologia e dinâmica dos gametócitos em P. falciparum, se tornaram possíveis após o estabelecimento de um sistema de cultivo in vitro e modelos experimentais. No entanto, a ausência dessas metodologias para P. vivax tem dificultado o avanço nas pesquisas. Atualmente, diversos estudos e programas tem focado na eliminação da malária e, para alcançar esse sucesso é necessário um conhecimento e compreensão dos estágios envolvidos na transmissão, como os gametócitos. Aqui apresentamos os principais avanços no estudo de gametócitos de P. vivax novas perspectivas no desenvolvimento das ferramentas necessárias para a investigação de agentes para bloquear a transmissão.
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