Prevalência de substâncias psicoativas em pacientes vítimas de trauma atendidas em um hospital geral
Prevalence of psychoactive substances in trauma victims assisted in a general hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n9-013Keywords:
ferimentos e lesões, Etanol, drogas ilícitas, prevenção secundária, transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativasAbstract
Objetivos: O trauma é a primeira causa de morte na população jovem e estudar seus fatores de risco é importante para o planejamento de medidas de prevenção. Neste sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência de substâncias psicoativas em pacientes atendidos no departamento de emergência de um Hospital Geral por qualquer tipo de trauma no período de 6 meses. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de corte transversal no departamento de emergência de um hospital geral. Foi determinada a alcoolemia e realizada análise toxicológica de substâncias psicoativas por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência associada a espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS) em amostras de sangue colhidas até 6 horas após o trauma. Dados sociodemográficos, tipo e severidade do trauma foram registrados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 238 pacientes, com idade média de 42 anos, majoritariamente do sexo masculino (68%), solteiros (46%) e economicamente ativos (66%). Cerca de 20% dos traumas foi severo, com maior prevalência de colisão de trânsito (64%). Pelo menos uma substância psicoativa foi detectada em 33 % dos pacientes, Álcool em 11,8%, cocaína em 9,2%, cannabis em 7,9%, cetamina em 0,8%, benzodiazepínicos em 4,6%, antidepressivos em 8,2% e múltiplas substâncias em 7,9%. Alcoolemia positiva foi associada significativamente ao sexo masculino e a traumas mais severos. Conclusão: a prevalência de pacientes traumatizados sob efeito de alguma substância psicoativa foi alta em nossa amostra. A identificação desses pacientes no departamento de emergência e intervenções de prevenção secundária são essenciais para diminuir a recorrência do trauma, a morbimortalidade e os custos desta doença.
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