Determination of cat sperm concentration using the CASA system/ Determinação da concentração de espermatozoides felinos utilizando o sistema CASA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv5n11-013Keywords:
Computer-assisted Sperm Analysis, Epididymis, Spermatozoa, Tomcat.Abstract
This study aimed to standardize the CASA system for sperm concentration of cat epididymal samples, using a Neubauer chamber as the gold standard. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected from 44 adult cats. The sperm concentration was evaluated in the Neubauer chamber and by the CASA system at a dilution of 1:200. After assays, the ejaculates were separated into four groups according to the sperm cell count in the CASA system; A (? 100), B (101 to 400), C (401 to 800), and D (? 800). The statistical analysis measured the agreement between techniques using the Bland-Altman test. A 95% confidence interval was adopted and the statistical program MedCalc 18.2.1 was used. Groups A, B, and D presented disagreement between the CASA system and the Neubauer chamber. Only group C (401 to 800 cells per field) demonstrated agreement between methods. It can be concluded that evaluation of spermatic concentration of domestic felines by the CASA system is reliable when the reading is performed within the range of 401 to 800 cells per field, and could represent a viable alternative to the Neubauer chamber.
References
Amann, R. P., & Katz, D. F. (2004). Reflections on CASA after 25 years. Journal of andrology, 25(3), 317–325.
Amann, R. P., & Waberski, D. (2014). Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA): Capabilities and potential developments. Theriogenology, 81(1), 5-17.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.004
Bailey, E., Fenning, N., Chamberlain, S., Devlin, L., Hopkisson, J., & Tomlinson, M. (2007). Validation of Sperm Counting Methods Using Limits of Agreement. Journal of Andrology, 28(3), 364–373. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.106.002188
Brito, L. F. C., Althouse, G. C., Aurich, C., Chenoweth, P. J., Eilts, B. E., Love, C. C., … Waberski, D. (2016). Andrology laboratory review: Evaluation of sperm concentration. Theriogenology, 85(9), 1507–1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.002
CBRA. (2013). Manual para exame andrológico e avaliação de sêmen animal. (3rd ed; Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal, org.). Belo Horizonte.
Chatdarong, K., Thuwanut, P., & Morrell, J. M. (2010). Single-layer centrifugation through colloid selects improved quality of epididymal cat sperm. Theriogenology, 73(9), 1284–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.12.009
Drudy, L., Lewis, S. E. M., Barry-Kinsella, C., Harrison, R. F., & Thompson, W. (1994). Endeometriosis: The influence of peritoneal fluid from patients with minimal stage or treated endometriosis on sperm motility parameters using computer-assisted semen analysis. Human Reproduction, 9(12), 2418–2423. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138461
Egeberg, D. L., Kjaerulff, S., Hansen, C., Petersen, J. H., Glensbjerg, M., Skakkebaek, N. E., … Almstrup, K. (2013). Image cytometer method for automated assessment of human spermatozoa concentration. Andrology, 1(4), 615–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00082.x
Eljarah, A., Chandler, J., Jenkins, J. A., Chenevert, J., & Alcanal, A. (2013). Usefulness of hemocytometer as a counting chamber in a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). Animal Reproduction, 10(4), 708–711.
Ferreira, J. C. P. (2000). Avaliação subjetiva e computadorizada do movimento espermático pós- descongelação do sêmen equino. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Veterinária) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 93p.
Iguer-ouada, M., & Verstegen, J. P. (2001). Evaluation of the “Hamilton Thorn computer-based automated system” for dog semen analysis. Theriogenology, 55(3), 733–749.
Katz, D. F., & Davis, R. O. (1987). Automatic analysis of human sperm motion. Journal of andrology, 8(3), 170–181.
Klaus, C., Eder, S., Franz, C., & Müller, K. (2016). Successful Cryopreservation of Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Epididymal Sperm after Slow Equilibration to 15 or 10°C. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 51(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12666
Kunkitti, P., Sjödahl, A., Bergqvist, A. S., Johannisson, A., & Axnér, E. (2016). Comparison of DNA Fragmentation Assay in Frozen-Thawed Cat Epididymal Sperm. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 51(4), 618–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12710
Kunkitti, Panisara, Bergqvist, A. S., Sjunnesson, Y., & Axnér, E. (2015). The ability of feline spermatozoa in different epididymal regions to undergo capacitation and acrosome reaction. Animal Reproduction Science, 161, 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.08.005
Lima, D. B. C., Silva, T. F. P., Cortez, A. A., Pinto, J. N., Magalhães, F. F., Caldini, B. N., & Silva, L. D. M. (2016). Recovery of sperm after epididymal refrigeration from domestic cats using ACP-117c and Tris extenders. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 68(4), 873–881. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8653
Maes, D., Rijsselaere, T., Vyt, P., Sokolowska, A., Deley, W., & Van Soom, A. (2010). Comparison of five different methods to assess the concentration of boar semen. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 79(1), 42–47.
Paulenz, H., Grevle, I., Tverdal, A., Hofmo, P., & Berg, K. A. (1995). Precision of the Coulter® Counter for Routine Assessment of Boar-sperm Concentration in Comparison with the Haemocytometer and Spectrophotometer. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 30(3), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.1995.tb00614.x
Prathalingam, N. S. (2006). The Precision and Accuracy of Six Different Methods to Determine Sperm Concentration. Journal of Andrology, 27(2), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.05112
Prochowska, S., & Niza?ski, W. (2017). In vitro fertilizing potential of urethral and epididymal spermatozoa collected from domestic cats (Felis catus). Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 20(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0003
Rijsselaere, T., Van Soom, A., Maes, D., & Kruif, A. de. (2003). Effect of technical settings on canine semen motility parameters measured by the Hamilton-Thorne analyzer. Theriogenology, 60(8), 1553–1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00171-7
Souza, A. K., Trautwein, L. G. C., Paranzini, C. S., Perencin, F. M., Cardoso, G. S., & Martins, M. I. M. (2018). Influence of cooling temperature in sperm subpopulations of domestic cats. Animal Reproduction Science, 189(December 2017), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.015
Valverde, A., & Madrigal- Valverde, M. (2018). Computer-assisted semen analysis systems in animal reproduction. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 29(2), 469–484.
Verstegen, J., Iguer-Ouada, M., & Onclin, K. (2002). Computer assisted semen analyzers in andrology research and veterinary practice. Theriogenology, 57(1), 149–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00664-1
Vianna, W. L., Bruno, D. G., Namindome, A., Rosseto, A. C., Rodrigues, P. H. M., Pinese, M. E., & Moretti, A. de S. (2004). Estudo Comparativo da Eficiência de Diferentes Técnicas de Mensuração da Concentração Espermática em Suínos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 33(6), 2054–2059.
Watts, J. (2019). Development of a fluorescent computer ? assisted spermatozoal quantification method and a comparison of results for manual counting with a haemocytometer and computer ? assisted semen analysis in dogs. (August), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13553
World Health Organization. (1999). WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction (4th ed). England: Cambridge University Press.
Zambelli, D., & Cunto, M. (2006). Semen collection in cats: Techniques and analysis. Theriogenology, 66(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.01.054

