Jovens adolescentes: Os fatores de Risco das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e fatores protetivos / Young adoscents: The factors of risk of sexually transmitted and protect factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n12-295Keywords:
IST, adolescentes, educação sexual, clamídia, sífilis, HIV/AIDS, tricomoníase, gonorreia.Abstract
Introdução: As Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis são doenças causadas por microrganismos, cuja principal via de transmissão é o contato sexual desprotegido, seja ele oral, anal ou vaginal. A incidência dessas infecções está aumentando em todo mundo, conforme descrito em Center for disease control and prevention, onde se estima que os jovens entre 15 e 24 anos respondem por quase metade dos 26 milhões das novas infecções sexualmente transmissíveis que ocorreram nos Estados Unidos em 2018. Objetivos: esta revisão de literatura tem o intuito de trazer informações atualizadas e adicionais sobre as ISTs em jovens adolescentes e os fatores de risco das doenças sexuais transmissíveis, bem como as consequências de começar uma vida sexual com pouca idade e sem as informações adequada dos perigos de contrair doenças que podem ser para a vida toda. Metodologia: na presente revisão buscamos manuscritos nos bancos de dados PUBMED, LILACS, BIREME, NCBI, ELSEVIER, SCIELO, American Journal of Therapeutics entre os anos de 2001 a 2021. Durante a busca, encontramos 90 (noventa) artigos relevantes e, após a leitura, selecionamos 42 (quarenta e dois) manuscritos, os quais foram suficientes para a devida análise. Além disso, buscamos outros artigos a partir das listagens bibliográficas dos manuscritos obtidos nos estudos relevantes. Resultados: normalmente os adolescentes buscam grupos de amigos que tenham os mesmos interesses os mesmos gostos e desejos, a fim de uma identificação menos conflitante e mais amigável. As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) são uma causa comum de morbidade em adolescentes sexualmente ativos e podem ser causadas por bactérias, vírus, protozoários, parasitas ou fungos. A IST viral mais comum é o papilomavírus humano (HPV) e a IST bacteriana mais comum é a clamídia. Conclusão: pela observação dos aspectos analisados, sobretudo relacionado a educação sexual, faz-se necessário a realização de novos estudos, com todas as etapas integradas num só foco de elucidar, com melhor certeza, os fatores que contribuem para o aumento de casos de ISTs entre adolescentes e melhores abordagens e campanhas de orientação sexual para os mesmos.References
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