Neutrinos solares influenciam na taxa de decaimento radioativo? / Do solar neutrinos influence the rate of radioactive decay?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv5n9-180Keywords:
Sistema Solar, Radioatividade, Radiação Nuclear, Radionuclídeos Naturais, RadioecologiaAbstract
Recentemente, um grupo de pesquisadores propuseram a hipótese que a taxa de decaimento radioativo era influenciada por neutrinos oriundos do Sol. Por outro lado, diferentes pesquisados se opuseram à esta hipótese, e realizaram pesquisas científicas que apresentaram argumentos contrários. A radioatividade é entendida como sendo descrita pela distribuição de Poisson, mas algumas medidas de decaimentos nucleares parecem apresentar variações inesperadas. Geralmente, os isótopos onde aparecem essas variações têm meias-vidas longas, que são efetivamente afetadas por grandes incertezas de medição. Além desses problemas inerentes, há alguns relatos de taxas de decaimento dependentes do tempo e até mesmo de variações exóticas induzidas por neutrinos. Para verificar tais variações, foram realizadas medidas de atividades em diferentes tipos de mono radionuclídeos em diversos laboratórios de metrologia existentes no mundo, durante 200 dias até quatro décadas. Neste caso, os desvios sistemáticos observados nas curvas de decaimento foram decorrentes das flutuações estatísticas existentes nos conjuntos de dados obtidos dos instrumentos de medidas. Portanto, não foram observadas flutuações significativas nas medições das atividades dos radionuclídeos emissores alfa (?), beta negativo (?-1), beta positivo (?+1) e captura eletrônica (CE). Então, a hipótese de que a proximidade com o Sol causa a variação das constantes de decaimento no nível de permilagem foi testada e refutada. Sendo assim, e dentro deste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica na literatura especializada, visando apresentar argumentos científicos contra e a favor da influência dos neutrinos solares na taxa de decaimento radioativo. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho constituem-se um banco de informações para esclarecimentos sobre o tema abordado. Portanto, a hipótese de que neutrinos solares influenciam na taxa de decaimento radioativo, não passa de interpretações equivocadas das leituras dos dados obtidos dos sistemas de medidas, sendo, portanto, pura especulação.
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