Hydrological connectivity in a semi-arid basin with high-density reservoir network
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n3-281Palavras-chave:
hydrological modeling, river runoff, water availabilityResumo
Over the years in Northeast Brazil, most water reservoirs were built without an integrated project or plan. This led to a chaotic system that is extremely difficult to manage - called the high-density reservoir network, HdRN. Therefore, the objective of the work was to study the process of hydrological connectivity in a semi-arid basin in Brazil. The analysis of hydrological connectivity was performed using the 'Reservoir Network Model', which simulates hydrological processes and allows determining the hydrological connectivity between the reservoirs, considering the need for minimum flow of rivers and the model was applied to the Orós Reservoir Basin (24,211 km²)), located in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The connectivity analysis of the reservoir network showed that, between 1991 and 2011, a total of 2,445,721 ranges between reservoirs had hydrological connectivity, which resulted in a 7% hydrological connectivity index. The artificial simulation of the gradual exclusion of small and medium-sized reservoirs resulted in the reduction of the hydrological connectivity index, to 6.5 and 4.0%, as the exclusion increased. This change in the topology of the reservoir network (excluding the reservoirs) led to a maximum increase of 14% in the volume stored in the largest reservoir in the basin, Óros, considered low. The presence of networks of high-density reservoirs promotes greater hydrological connectivity in the basin; in addition to resulting in a greater spatial and temporal distribution of water in the basin, with no negative impact on the availability of water in the Orós reservoir.
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