Terapia celular alogênica em equinos: o equilíbrio entre imunomodulação e imunogenicidade

Autores

  • Nubia Nayara Pereira Rodrigues
  • Gustavo dos Santos Rosa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n3-114

Palavras-chave:

células-tronco mesenquimais, sistema ELA, imunogenicidade, resposta humoral, medicina regenerativa, haplótipo

Resumo

A terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) representa um importante avanço na medicina veterinária. Apesar de a modalidade autóloga ser a mais segura, o tempo necessário para a expansão celular inviabiliza o tratamento imediato de lesões agudas, tornando o transplante alogênico uma alternativa essencial e logisticamente viável por meio do uso de biobancos. Contudo, o sucesso clínico depende do equilíbrio dinâmico entre o potencial imunomodulador dessas células e a sua própria imunogenicidade, uma vez que as CTMs alogênicas são reconhecidas atualmente como imunoevasivas, e não estritamente imunoprivilegiadas. Na espécie equina, esse reconhecimento é ditado pelo polimorfismo do sistema Equine Leukocyte Antigen (ELA), o Complexo Maior de Histocompatibilidade (MHC) equino. Em casos de incompatibilidade de haplótipos, a aloimunização do receptor desencadeia uma resposta imune humoral citotóxica capaz de identificar e inativar as células em exposições subsequentes. Diante a esse cenário, estratégias clínicas multiparamétricas tornam-se imperativas para mitigar a resposta imune e otimizar a terapia celular. O transplante alogênico permanece uma ferramenta terapêutica robusta e viável na rotina clínica veterinária, desde que fundamentado por uma indicação criteriosa, avaliação do histórico de aloexposições do receptor e adoção de protocolos de evasão imune que assegurem a eficácia e a segurança biológica das CTMs como agentes coordenadores da reparação tecidual.

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Publicado

2026-08-04

Como Citar

Rodrigues, N. N. P., & Rosa, G. dos S. (2026). Terapia celular alogênica em equinos: o equilíbrio entre imunomodulação e imunogenicidade. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 9(3), e88598. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n3-114

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