Efecto del sistema de alojamiento y del sexo sobre las características fisicoquímicas de la carne de pechuga en pollos para carne con diferentes velocidades de crecimiento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n3-056Palavras-chave:
aves de corral, genotipo, sistema de alojamiento, sexo, calidad de carne, composición proximal, velocidad de crecimientoResumo
El presente estudio evaluó los efectos del sistema de alojamiento y del sexo sobre las características fisicoquímicas de la carne de pechuga en pollos para carne con diferentes velocidades de crecimiento. Se utilizaron 144 pollitos de un día de edad pertenecientes a dos genotipos: un híbrido comercial de rápido crecimiento (Cobb500®) y un biotipo de crecimiento lento de doble propósito (Campero Casilda). Las aves fueron criadas bajo confinamiento total y confinamiento con acceso a parque. Se aplicó un diseño factorial (genotipo × sistema de alojamiento × sexo) y se analizaron la composición proximal (materia seca, humedad, proteína bruta, extracto etéreo y cenizas) y el pH a las 24 h post mortem. No se detectaron interacciones significativas entre genotipo, sexo y sistema de alojamiento (p > 0,05) para las variables dependientes en estudio. El genotipo afectó significativamente la materia seca (28,60 vs. 27,48 %), la humedad (71,4 vs. 72,52 %), la proteína bruta (21,16 vs. 20,52 %), el extracto etéreo (2,51 vs. 1,49 %) y las cenizas (1,55 vs. 1,18 %) (p < 0,05), con valores superiores en el genotipo de crecimiento lento, excepto para la humedad. El sistema de alojamiento influyó sobre la materia seca, la humedad y la proteína bruta (p < 0,01), mientras que las cenizas, el extracto etéreo y el pH no presentaron diferencias significativas. El sexo mostró efectos menores, con diferencias en proteína bruta y cenizas (p ≤ 0,05), y escasa influencia sobre las demás variables. El pH final se mantuvo dentro de rangos normales y no difirió entre tratamientos. En conjunto, el genotipo se identificó como el principal determinante de la composición química de la carne de pechuga, mientras que el sistema de alojamiento y el sexo contribuyeron en menor medida. Estos resultados aportan evidencia adicional sobre la mayor influencia del componente genético frente a los factores ambientales en la determinación de la calidad de la carne en sistemas de producción convencionales y alternativos.
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