Allelopathic effect of Amaranthus sp. on germination and early seedling development of soybean (Glycine max) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n2-303Palavras-chave:
weed, secondary metabolites, seed vigor, allelopathic interferenceResumo
Weed species may impair the initial establishment of agricultural crops through competition for resources and the release of allelopathic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of Amaranthus sp. on the germination and early development of soybean (Glycine max) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions in a completely randomized design, with five extract concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10%) and four replicates. Germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time, mean germination speed, shoot and root length, and dry matter accumulation were evaluated. The aqueous extract of Amaranthus sp. negatively affected soybean germination and vigor, with predominantly dose-dependent responses, including reductions in germination and delays in germination dynamics, indicating high sensitivity of the crop to secondary metabolites. Seedling growth was also impaired, with decreases in shoot and root development and biomass accumulation. In common bean, germination parameters were not affected by extract concentrations, indicating greater tolerance during this phase. However, early growth and biomass accumulation were reduced at higher concentrations, demonstrating that later developmental stages are more sensitive to allelopathic interference. Overall, the results confirm that Amaranthus sp. exhibits significant allelopathic potential capable of impairing crop establishment, particularly in soybean, with more pronounced effects during early developmental stages. These findings highlight the importance of effective management strategies to minimize the impact of this weed on crop performance.
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