El manejo integrado de bioestimulantes mejora el desempeño agronómico y productivo de plantaciones comerciales de banano Cavendish (Musa AAA) en Ecuador

Autores

  • Cristhian Wladimir López Guaranda
  • Gilberto Jonatan Oviedo García
  • Julio César Bravo Tutiven
  • Ronald Oswaldo Villamar-Torres
  • Juan Camilo Dulcey Chapman
  • Gregorio Humberto Vásconez Montúfar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n2-186

Palavras-chave:

estimulantes, Sigatoka negra, arquitectura del dosel, productividad del cultivo, rendimiento, fruta

Resumo

El cultivo intensivo de banano Cavendish (Musa AAA) en Ecuador enfrenta desafíos significativos asociados a estreses abióticos (déficit hídrico, anegamiento, baja oxigenación radicular) y bióticos, destacando la Sigatoka negra (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) que reduce la superficie foliar funcional y compromete la productividad. Bajo este contexto, la integración de bioestimulantes formulados con hidrolizados enzimáticos de proteínas enriquecidos en aminoácidos libres, silicio y extractos de algas se evaluó como complemento al manejo fitosanitario tradicional para mejorar la estabilidad fisiológica y productividad del cultivo. El estudio, desarrollado en una plantación comercial costera, comparó un manejo comercial convencional frente a un programa integrado con bioestimulación (14 ciclos de aplicación en total por los tres productos). Se midieron variables clave: separación de hojas funcionales (distancia entre hoja 1 y hoja 8 como proxy de compactación del dosel), enfunde por hectárea, peso promedio del racimo (lb), índice de retorno y productividad estimada (cajas ha⁻¹), junto con la evaluación de la eficacia en el control de Sigatoka negra. Los resultados indicaron que la bioestimulación promovió un aumento significativo (30%) en la separación entre hojas funcionales, implicando mejor distribución de luz y ventilación. Esta mejora estructural se acompañó de incrementos significativos en enfunde por hectárea (+6,2%), peso promedio del racimo (+2,60 lb) y productividad estimada (cajas ha⁻¹) (+6,3%), sin afectar la eficacia fitosanitaria. El análisis estadístico robusto (t-test de Welch; α=0.05) confirmó la consistencia de estos efectos. En conclusión, el programa integrado de bioestimulación actúa como modulador positivo de la eficiencia productiva en banano Cavendish bajo condiciones comerciales reales, optimizando la arquitectura del dosel y la dinámica reproductiva, contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad y rentabilidad del sistema de producción intensiva.

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Publicado

2026-05-20

Como Citar

Guaranda, C. W. L., García, G. J. O., Tutiven, J. C. B., Villamar-Torres, R. O., Chapman, J. C. D., & Montúfar, G. H. V. (2026). El manejo integrado de bioestimulantes mejora el desempeño agronómico y productivo de plantaciones comerciales de banano Cavendish (Musa AAA) en Ecuador. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 9(2), e87214. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n2-186

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v. 9 n. 2 (2026)

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