Medication disposal and its impacts on public health and the environment: a reflective theoretical review

Autores

  • Daiana Silva Reis Santos
  • Cristiane Gattini Sbampato
  • João Paulo Soares Fonseca

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n2-139

Palavras-chave:

medication disposal, public health, environmental contamination, pharmaceutical waste, health education

Resumo

Objective: To analyze, based on the scientific literature, the impacts of improper disposal of medications on public health and the environment. Method: This is a reflective theoretical review of literature, carried out in the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American Literature and the Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS) and PubMed. This includes articles published in the last five years, available in their entirety, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: The findings show that improper disposal of medications contributes significantly to environmental contamination, especially in aquatic ecosystems, favoring the bioaccumulation of chemical substances. Were identified risks to public health, such as poisoning, prolonged exposure to pharmacological compounds and the development of microbial resistance. Furthermore, factors such as the low level of knowledge of the population, the insufficiency of pipeline points and fragilities in the implementation of public policies constitute important barriers to adequate disposal. Conclusion: Improper disposal of medications is a relevant problem for public health and the environment. It is essential to adopt intersectoral strategies that involve health education, expansion of reverse logistics and strengthening of public policies, aiming to minimize the associated environmental and health impacts.

Referências

BRAZIL. National Council for the Environment. Resolution No. 358, of April 29, 2005. Dispõe sobre o tratamento e a disposição final dos resíduos dos serviços de saúde. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 2005. Available at: https://www.siam.mg.gov.br/sla/download.pdf?idNorma=5046. Accessed: August 21, 2025.

BRAZIL. Law No. 12.305, of August 2, 2010. Institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 2010. Available at: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12305.htm. Accessed: August 22, 2025.

BRAZIL. Decree No. 10.388, of June 5, 2020. Dispõe sobre o sistema de logística reversa de medicamentos domiciliares vencidos ou em desuso. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 2020. Available at: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2020/Decreto/D10388.htm. Accessed: August 21, 2025.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION - USP. Os perigos do descarte inadequado de medicamentos. São Paulo, [2025]. Available at: https://cga.fmrp.usp.br/medicamentos/. Accessed: September 7, 2025.

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Publicado

2026-05-18

Como Citar

Santos, D. S. R., Sbampato, C. G., & Fonseca , J. P. S. (2026). Medication disposal and its impacts on public health and the environment: a reflective theoretical review. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 9(2), e87124. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n2-139

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