Metagenomic applications in zoonotic helminths with a One Health perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n2-004Palavras-chave:
metagenomics, helminths, zoonoses, microbiota, public health, epidemiology, parasitologyResumo
Zoonotic helminthiasis continues to pose a significant challenge to public health, animal health, and environmental sustainability, particularly in contexts where complex interactions converge between hosts, parasites, and microbiota. In this context, metagenomics has emerged as a promising tool for the comprehensive study of these systems from a One Health perspective. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the application of metagenomic approaches in research on zoonotic helminths of interest, identifying methodological trends, areas of application, main findings, and knowledge gaps. A systematic literature review of scientific publications indexed in Scopus was conducted, following the PRISMA protocol. Thirty-one studies published between 2010 and 2025 were included, and relevant information was extracted using a standardized matrix that considered bibliographic, taxonomic, methodological, and One Health integration variables. The results show progressive growth in the use of metagenomic tools, with predominance of amplicon sequencing-based studies and, to a lesser extent, shotgun metagenomics. Most research focused on evaluating the impact of helminth infections on host microbiome composition, while direct metagenomic detection of helminths and its application in diagnosis and integrated surveillance were less frequent. Likewise, only a limited proportion of studies explicitly and operationally incorporated the three dimensions of the One Health approach. In conclusion, metagenomics offers high potential to advance the study of zoonotic helminths; however, its application is still characterized by methodological heterogeneity and partial One Health integration, highlighting the need for standardization, more integrated designs, and validation in diverse epidemiological contexts.
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