Nutrición materna y programación fetal en cerdas reproductoras: una revisión

Autores

  • Rodrigo Cabral
  • Andrea Silva Marques de Souza
  • Karolayny Roberta da Silva
  • Ketillen Rezende da Cruz Maciel
  • José Kayky Brandão Lopes de Farias
  • José Antônio Silva Barros
  • Talita Vitória Bezerra da Silva
  • Pedro Henrique dos Santos Silva
  • Priscila Antão dos Santos
  • Júlio Cesar dos Santos Nascimento
  • Camilla Mendonça Silva

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-176

Palavras-chave:

desarrollo fetal, nutrición materna, peso al nacer, desempeño

Resumo

El crecimiento fetal de los cerdos está influenciado por la nutrición materna desde la maduración del ovocito hasta el nacimiento. La nutrición materna suministra glucosa, aminoácidos y otros elementos esenciales al feto. La competencia entre fetos en el útero también afecta el crecimiento, siendo el peso al nacer inversamente proporcional al tamaño de la camada. Las condiciones de desequilibrio nutricional durante la gestación pueden dar lugar a lechones con bajo peso al nacer, desuniformidad de las camadas y variabilidad en el crecimiento. Factores como el genotipo, el sexo, la nutrición de la cerda y el flujo de oxígeno y nutrientes a través de la placenta influyen en el desarrollo muscular de los lechones. La ingesta inadecuada de proteínas por parte de las cerdas gestantes puede conducir a una menor formación de miofibras y a una diferenciación muscular inadecuada. La desnutrición durante la gestación, especialmente la deficiencia proteica, puede provocar restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), dando lugar a lechones con menor peso al nacer, mayor variabilidad de peso, menor supervivencia neonatal, mayor susceptibilidad a enfermedades, crecimiento posnatal reducido y peor calidad de la canal. Por lo tanto, es fundamental comprender cómo el ambiente uterino influye en el desarrollo muscular fetal para optimizar el desempeño posnatal de los cerdos.

 

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2026-03-30

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Cabral , R., Souza , A. S. M. de, Silva, K. R. da, Maciel, K. R. da C., Farias, J. K. B. L. de, Barros , J. A. S., Silva, T. V. B. da, Silva, P. H. dos S., Santos, P. A. dos, Nascimento , J. C. dos S., & Silva, C. M. (2026). Nutrición materna y programación fetal en cerdas reproductoras: una revisión. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 9(1), e86411. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-176

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