Key species in the encroachment of forests over an Amazonian savanna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-201Palavras-chave:
structural dynamics, permanent plots, fire, grass, thicket, treeResumo
Structural stability and tree encroachment in savannas are affected by fire regimes, but the role of savanna and forest species in these processes in Amazonian savannas is unclear. We investigated whether fire retards tree encroachment, what species are responsible for tree encroachment, and whether facilitation process favors tree encroachment. The study was undertaken in an Amazonian savanna-forest mosaic. We classified tree species as either forest or savanna based on their abundances in savanna and forest. Grass cover surrounding young individuals was used to evaluate characteristics of establishment sites, and locations of recruitment to the tree layer were used to evaluate whether there were differences in species persistence between shrub thickets and grassy areas. Density of trees changed in 1,9 % during the period with regular burning, but tree cover, especially of forest species, increased in 113% the period without fires. Of the all species, 60% establish and recruit inside thicket but only 18% species establish and recruit over grass. During periods without frequent burning, Tachigali vulgaris acts as an ecosystem engineer in forest encroachment over savanna. Few species associated with the savanna to forest transition are more important in initial encroachment of forest over savanna than tree pioneer species typical of the Amazon forest.
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