Perennial rubber tree systems preserve soil microbial functioning and quality comparable to Atlantic Forest in tropical soils

Autores

  • Gleison Oliosi
  • Marcos Góes Oliveira
  • Wellington Castrillon Grélla
  • Ivoney Gontijo
  • Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga Caballero
  • Bruno José Rodrigues Alves
  • Fábio Luiz Partelli

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-149

Palavras-chave:

Brachiaria brizantha, Hevea brasiliensis, soil quality, perennial systems, sustainability

Resumo

Land-use change is a key driver of soil degradation in tropical ecosystems, strongly affecting microbial processes that regulate nutrient cycling and ecosystem sustainability. This study evaluated soil basal respiration (RBS), microbial biomass carbon (CBM), microbial biomass nitrogen (NBM), metabolic quotient (qCO₂), microbial quotient (qMIC), and chemical attributes under three land-use systems: Brachiaria brizantha grassland, rubber tree monoculture (Hevea brasiliensis), and an Atlantic Forest fragment, in a tropical soil of southeastern Brazil. Samples were collected at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths during winter and summer. Microbial indicators responded markedly to land use. The rubber tree system showed significantly higher CBM, NBM, and Soil Quality Index (SQI) values, approaching those of the Atlantic Forest. Grassland exhibited lower microbial biomass and higher qCO₂, indicating reduced microbial efficiency and greater physiological stress. Multivariate analysis identified CBM, NBM, calcium content, and cation exchange capacity as the main drivers of system differentiation. The SQI ranked systems as rubber tree > Atlantic Forest > grassland, demonstrating that perennial systems with continuous organic inputs and low disturbance maintain soil microbial functioning at levels comparable to native vegetation. These findings highlight the role of perennial cropping systems in sustaining soil biological quality and supporting sustainable land management in tropical regions.

Referências

ALVARES, C. A.; STAPE, J. L.; SENTELHAS, P. C.; GONÇALVES, J. L. M.; SPAROVEK, G. Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, v. 22, n. 6, p. 711-728, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507

ANDERSON, T. H.; DOMSCH, K. H. Application of eco-physiological quotients (qCO₂ and qD) on microbial biomasses from soils of different cropping histories. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 22, n. 2, p. 251-255, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(90)90094-G

BROOKES, P. C.; LANDMAN, A.; PRUDEN, G.; JENKINSON, D. S. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 17, p. 837-842, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(85)90144-0

COTRIM, C. F. C.; S., A. S. F.; ALVES, D. P. S.; GONÇALVES, E. V.; TEIXEIRA, F. B.; SILVA, J. A. P.; BRANCO, M. H. S.; ALMEIDA, L. M.; CARAMORI, S. Soil quality: relevance and use of indicators for monitoring. Revista Agrotecnologia, v. 13, n. 2, p. 46-65, 2022. https://doi.org/10.31668/agrotec.v13i2.13578

CRUZ, C. D. GENES: a software package for analysis in experimental statistics and quantitative genetics. Acta Scientiarum, v. 35, n. 3, p. 271-276, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v35i3.21251

DING, J.; YU, S. Impacts of land use on soil nitrogen-cycling microbial communities: insights from community structure, functional gene abundance, and network complexity. Life (Basel), v. 15, n. 3, 466, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030466

ENSINAS, S. C.; MARCHETTI, M. E.; SILVA, E. F.; POTRICH, D. C.; MARTINEZ, M. A. Chemical attributes, total carbon, and nitrogen in an Oxisol under different land-use systems. Global Science and Technology, v. 7, n. 2, p. 24-36, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2575

EVANGELISTA, C. R.; PARTELLI, F. L.; FERREIRA, E. P. B.; PIRES, F. R. Microbiological attributes of soil in the culture of cane sugar in organic and conventional management. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v. 34, p. 1549-1562, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2013v34n4p1549

FERREIRA, E. P. B.; SANTOS, H. P.; COSTA, J. R.; POLLI, H.; RUMJANEK, N. G. Microbial soil quality indicators under different crop rotations and tillage management. Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 41, n. 2, p. 177-183, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902010000200002

FERREIRA, E. P. B.; STONE, L. F.; MARTIN-DIDONET, C. C. G. Population and microbial activity of the soil under an agro-ecological production system. Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 48, n. 1, p. 22-31, 2017. https://doi.org/10.19084/RCA16041

FIERER, N. Embracing the unknown: disentangling the complexities of the soil microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology, v. 15, n. 10, p. 579-590, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.87

HAJ-AMOR, Z.; ARAYA, T.; KIM, D. G.; BOURI, S.; LEE, J.; GHILOUFI, W.; YANG, Y.; KANG, H.; JHARIYA, M. K.; BANERJEE, A.; LAL, R. Soil salinity and its associated effects on soil microorganisms, greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, biodiversity and desertification: A review. Science of the Total Environment, v. 843, 156946, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156946

ISLAM, K. R.; WEIL, R. R. Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 79, n. 1, p. 9-16, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00145-0

JAKELAITIS, A.; SILVA, A. A.; SANTOS, J. B.; VIVIAN, R. Quality of soil surface layer under forest, pasture, and cropped areas. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, v. 38, p. 118-127, 2008.

JENKINSON, D. S.; POWLSON, D. S. The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil. A method for measuring soil biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 8, n. 3, p. 209-213, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(76)90005-5

LEHMANN, J.; BOSSIO, D. A.; KÖGEL-KNABNER, I.; RILLIG, M. C. The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, v. 1, n. 10, p. 544-553, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0080-8

MAZZETTO, A. M.; CERRI, C. E. P.; FEIGL, B. J.; CERRI, C. C. Activity of soil microbial biomass altered by land use in the southwestern Amazon. Bragantia, v. 75, n. 1, p. 79-86, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.066

MENDES, I.; FERNANDES, M.; CHAER, G.; REIS JUNIOR, F. Biological functioning of Brazilian Cerrado soils under different vegetation types. Plant and Soil, v. 359, p. 1-16, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1195-6

MENDES, I. C.; SOUSA, D. M. G.; CASTRO, C.; VIEIRA, J. R.; PEREIRA, H. S.; CUNHA, J. M.; LIMA, J. C.; SILVA, F. A. N. Microbial biomass and enzyme activities in soil under different land uses. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 86, p. 59–67, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.10.009

MUNNS, R.; TESTER, M. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, v. 59, p. 651-681, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911

NEGASH, M.; STARR, M. Biomass and soil carbon stocks of indigenous agroforestry systems on the south-eastern Rift Valley escarpment, Ethiopia. Plant and Soil, v. 393, p. 95–107, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2486-0

NUNES, L. A. P. L.; DIAS, L. E.; BARROS, I. J. N. F.; KASUYA, M. C. M.; CORREIA, E. F. Impact of monocultivation coffee on biological indicators of quality soil in the zona da mata (MG), Brazil. Ciência Rural, v. 39, p. 2467-2474, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782009005000216

OLIOSI, G., OLIVEIRA, M. G., GONTIJO, I., CAVALCANTI, A. C., CABALLERO, S. S. U., ALVES, B. J. R., VIEIRA, H. D., PARTELLI, F. L. Soil microbiological and chemical properties under agroforestry Conilon coffee. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, v.9, p. 1-24, 2025. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-096

PARTELLI, F. L.; VIEIRA, H. D.; FERREIRA, E. P. B.; VIANA, A. P.; MARTINS, M. A.; URQUIAGA, S. Chemical and microbiological soil characteristics under conventional and organic coffee production systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 43, p. 847-864, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2012.648470

RAHMAN, S. U., HAN, J.-C., AHMAD, M., ASHRAF, M. N., KHALIQ, M. A., YOUSAF, M., WANG, Y., NAWAZ, M. F., KHAN, K. A., & DU, Z. Aluminum phytotoxicity in acidic environments: A comprehensive review of plant tolerance and adaptation strategies. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 269, 115791, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115791

SANTOS, H. G.; ALMEIDA, J. A.; OLIVEIRA, J. B.; LUMBRERAS, J. F.; ANJOS, L. H. C.; COELHO, M. R.; JACOMINE, P. K. T.; CUNHA, T. J. F.; OLIVEIRA, V. A. Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. 3. ed. Brasília: Embrapa, 2013. 353 p.

SILVA, F. C. (Org.). Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. Brasília: Embrapa, 2009. 627 p.

SILVA, M. O.; SANTOS, M. P.; SOUSA, A. C. P.; SILVA, R. L. V.; MOURA, I. A. A.; SILVA, R. S.; COSTA, K. D. S. Soil quality: biological indicators for sustainable management. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 7, n. 1, p. 6853-6875, 2021. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n1-463

SINGH, D. The relative importance of characters affecting genetic divergence. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, v. 41, n. 2, p. 237–245, 1981.

SIQUEIRA NETO, M.; PICCOLO, M. C.; FEIGEL, B. J.; VENZKE FILHO, S. P.; CERRI, C. E. P.; CERRI, C. C. Crop rotation under no-tillage in Tibagi (Paraná State, Brazil). II - CO₂ and N₂O emissions. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 33, p. 1023-1029, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009000400026

SOUZA, E. D.; COSTA, S. E. V. G. A.; ANGHINONI, I.; LIMA, C. V. S.; CARVALHO, P. C. F.; MARTINS, A. P. Soil microbial biomass in a no-tillage integrated crop-livestock system under different grazing intensities. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 34, p. 79-88, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832010000100008

SPARLING, G. P. Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter. Australian Journal of Soil Research, v. 30, p. 195-207, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9920195

SPARLING, G. P.; WEST, A. W. A direct extraction method to estimate soil microbial C: calibration in situ using microbial respiration and ¹⁴C labelled cells. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 20, n. 3, p. 337-343, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(88)90014-4

VANCE, E. D.; BROOKES, P. C.; JENKINSON, D. S. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 19, n. 6, p. 703-707, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(87)90052-6

VARNEY, R. M., FRIEDLINGSTEIN, P., CHADBURN, S. E., BURKE, E. J., & COX, P. M. Soil carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 Earth system models. Biogeosciences, 21; p. 2759–2776, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2759-2024

ZAKE, J.; PIETSCH, S. A.; FRIEDEL, J. K.; ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN, S. Can agroforestry improve soil fertility and carbon storage in smallholder banana farming systems? Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, v. 178, p. 237-249, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201400281

Downloads

Publicado

2026-03-15

Como Citar

Oliosi, G., Oliveira, M. G., Grélla, W. C., Gontijo, I., Caballero, S. S. U., Alves, B. J. R., & Partelli , F. L. (2026). Perennial rubber tree systems preserve soil microbial functioning and quality comparable to Atlantic Forest in tropical soils. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 9(1), e86156. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-149

Edição

v. 9 n. 1 (2026)

Seção

Artigos originais

Licença

  • O conteúdo dos artigos é de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores.
  •  É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial do conteúdo dos artigos, desde que citada a fonte.
  •  Artigos com plágio serão recusados, e o autor do plágio perderá o direito de publicar nesta revista.
  •  Os nomes e endereços informados nesta revista serão utilizados exclusivamente para os serviços prestados por esta publicação e não estão disponíveis para outros fins ou a terceiros.
  •  Depois de enviar os artigos, os autores cedem os direitos autorais de seus artigos ao BJAER. Se você se arrepender da submissão, o autor tem o direito de solicitar ao BJAER que não publique seu artigo. Porém, essa solicitação deve ocorrer até dois meses antes da divulgação do número que o artigo será publicado.
  •  O BJAER usa a licença Creative Commons CC BY. Informações sobre esta licença podem ser encontradas em: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/

 

 

Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research (BJAER) se reserva o direito de efetuar nos originais alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores. Os trabalhos finais não serão enviadas aos autores.