Genetic diversity and structure in populations of Piaractus mesopotamicus

Autores

  • Joemille Silva dos Santos
  • Marcelo Lui Muricy Freire
  • Clarita Silveira Reis
  • Aldeney Andrade Soares Filho
  • Ricardo Franco Cunha Moreira
  • Soraia Barreto Aguiar Fonteles
  • Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-130

Palavras-chave:

aquaculture, population genetics, ISSR markers, genetic diversity, broodstock management

Resumo

Inadequate genetic management of broodstock in fish farming can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity, negatively affecting key productive traits such as growth and weight gain. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) from two fish farms located in the states of Bahia and Ceará, Brazil, and compared them with a wild population from the Pantanal region (Mato Grosso), using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Eight ISSR primers were selected based on reproducibility and efficiency, generating a total of 134 fragments, of which 94.03% were polymorphic. The results revealed low genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among them (FST = 0.79), with the DNOCS stock showing higher genetic diversity than the other farmed populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the genetic variation was distributed among populations. Cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis showed greater genetic similarity between the Bahia Pesca population and the wild population from Mato Grosso. These findings highlight the need for improved genetic management strategies in pacu aquaculture, including the introduction of genetically diverse broodstock, to enhance productive sustainability and conserve species´ the genetic resources.

Referências

Amom T, Tikendra L, Apana N, Goutam M, Sonia P, Koijam AS., Potshangbam AM, Rahaman H., Nongdam P (2020) Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India. Phytochemistry 174: 112330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112330

Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M (1980) Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The American Journal of Human Genetics 32(2):314-331

Brasil (2022) - IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Produção Pecuária Municipal. Disponível https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/3940#resultado

Brasil (2023) Bahia Pesca. [internet]. Pesca e Aquicultura na Bahia. Recuperado de: http://www.bahiapesca.ba.gov.br/modules/conteudo/conteudo.php?conteudo=6

Calcagnotto D, Desalle R (2009) Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites. Neotropical Ichthyology 7(4):607-616

Carvalho Filho J (2022) O ano aquícola de 2021. Panorama da AQUICULTURA Ltda. Recuperado de: https://panoramadaaquicultura.com.br/ibge-divulga-os-numeros-da-producao-aquicola-em-2020/

DNOCS (2009) Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas. Relatório 2008/Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas-DNOCS. 104 p.: il. color. ISSN 0101-5680 1. Recuperado de: https://www.dnocs.gov.br/php/CGU/dnocs_relatorio_anual_2008.pdf

Falconer DS, Mackay TFC (1996) Introduction to quantitative genetics. Edinburgh:LongmanGroupLimited 4:464

Félix FC, Chagas KPT, Ferrari CDS, Vieira FDA, Pacheco MV (2020) Applications of ISSR markers in studies of genetic diversity of Pityrocarpa moniliformis. Revista Caatinga, 33(4): 1017–1024. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n417rc

Ferreira LA, Fazzi-Gomes PF, Guerreiro S, Rodrigues MDN, Ribeiro-dos-Santos ÂK, Santos S, Hamoy I (2019) Genetic variability of tambaqui broodstocks in the Brazilian state of Pará. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science ISSN 1806-9290 R. Bras. Zootec., 48:e20180106. https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180106

Fonseca VL, Santos JS, Mascena JRL, Rocha NNC, Oliveira CST, Moreira RFC, Freitas MC, Fonteles SBA (2020) Análise da diversidade genética do robalo peva (Centropomus parallelus) na resex de Canavieiras, Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 3(3), 2180–2197. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv3n3-128

Foresti F, Oliveira C, Revaldaves E, Foresti FP, Santos SA (2001) Análise genética de estoques de reprodutores de curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus) e pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) da Estação de Piscicultura de Promissão, utilizando marcadores de RAPD. In: 1o. Congresso de Inovação Tecnológica em Energia Elétrica - 1. 1: 1-2

Frankham R, Ballou JD et al. (2008) Fundamentos de Genética da Conservação. Ribeirão Preto: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética, 208p

Freitas MV, Ariede RB et al (2021) Haplotypes traceability and genetic variability of the breeding population of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) revealed by mitochondrial DNA. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 44, 1, e20200249 (2021) Copyright © Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0249

Gu HR, Wan YF, Yang Y, Ao Q, Cheng WL, Deng SH, Pu DY, He XF, Jin L, Wang ZJ (2019). Genetic and morphology analysis among the pentaploid F1 hybrid fishes (Schizothorax wangchiachii ♀ × Percocypris pingi ♂) and their parents. Animal, 13(12): 2755–2764. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731119001289

Hassanien HA, Al-Rashada Y (2021) Avaliação da diversidade genética e relação filogenética entre espécies de garoupas Epinephelus spp. das águas sauditas do Golfo Pérsico. Revista Saudita de Ciências Biológicas 28(3): 1779-1786

Hildebrand CE, Torney DC, Wagner RP (1992) Informativeness of polymorphic DNA markers. Los Alamos Science. 20:100-102

Jorge PH, Mastrochirico-Filho VA, Hata ME, Mendes NJ, Ariede RB, Freitas MV, Vera M, Porto-Foresti F, Hashimoto DT (2018) Genetic Characterization of the Fish Piaractus brachypomus by Microsatellites Derived from Transcriptome Sequencing. Frontiers in Genetics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00046

Lopera-Barrero NM, Ribeiro PR, VARGAS L, POVH JA, GOMES PC, MANGOLIN CA, BOSO OKM GUALDA T (2008) Caracterização genética de estoques de Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), utilizados em programas de repovoamento: importância para a conservação da ictiofauna e do ecossistema. Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 24(4):86-93

Lopera-Barrero NM, Ribeiro RP, Povh JA, Sirol RN, Mangolin CA (2010) Avaliação genética de populações naturais e de estoques de um programa de repovoamento de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) utilizando marcadores microssatélite. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 62(4):954-963

Lopera-Barrero N, Povh J, Fornari DC, Rodriguez-Rodriguez M, Santos SCA, Ribeiro R (2013) Genetic diversity of Prochilodus lineatus stocks using in the stocking program of Tietê River, Brazil. Rev.MVZ Córdoba 18(3):3759-3766, 2013. ISSN: 0122-0268

Lopera-Barrero NM, Povh JA, Sirol RN, Rodriguez-Rodriguez MDP, Lima ECS, Poveda-Parra AR, Souza FP, Murari PJF, Otonel RAA, Ribeiro RP (2016) Genetic diversity of pacu and piapara broodstocks in restocking programs in the rivers Paraná and Paranapanema (Brazil). Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(4Supl1), 2365. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2365

Marques LS, Fossati AA, Leal MS, Rodrigues RB, Bombardelli RA, Streit DP (2018) Viability assessment of primary growth oocytes following ovarian tissue vitrification of neotropical teleost pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Cryobiology, 82: 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.009

Martins Netto DA, Souza IRP, Oliveira AC (2009) Validação da coleção núcleo de milho brasileira subgrupo endosperma dentado. Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo, 8(3): 283-29. https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v8n3p283-296

Mastrochirico-Filho VA, del Pazo F, Hata M E, Villanova GV, Foresti F, Vera M, Martínez P, Porto-Foresti F, Hashimoto DT (2019). Assessing Genetic Diversity for a Pre-Breeding Program in Piaractus mesopotamicus by SNPs and SSRs. Genes, 10(9): 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10090668

Mastrochirico-Filho VA, Hata ME, Sato LS, Jorge PH, Foresti F, Rodriguez MV, Martínez P, Porto-Foresti F, Hashimoto DT (2016). SNP discovery from liver transcriptome in the fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Conservation Genetics Resources, 8(2): 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-016-0521-3

Moraes Neto A, Ayres DR, Streit Junior DP, Lopera-Barrero NM, Ferraz Filho PB, Corrêa Filho RAC, Santana ABB, Marciano CMM Murari PJF, Povh JA (2017) Genetic diversity of tambaqui broodstocks in stock enhancement programs. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, 38(3):1655-1660. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1655

Murphy, D.; Barker, N. P.; Frisby, A. (2024). Automated ISSR Fingerprinting Is a Cost-Effective Way to Assess Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Differentiation—A Case Study on the Encephalartos eugene-maraisii Species Complex. Diversity, 16(8), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080507

Nei, M (1978) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 70:3321–3323

Oliveira CST, Moreira RFC, Soares Filho AA, Fonteles SBA, Evangelista-Barreto NS (2019) Genetic diversity in natural populations of Colossoma macropomum in the Brazilian Amazon region and in populations farmed in Northeast Brazil based on ISSR markers. Aquaculture International, 27(5): 1423-1434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-019-00395-1

Pazo FD, Sánchez S, Posner V, Sciara AA, Arranz SE, Villanova GV (2021) Genetic diversity and structure of the commercially important native fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) from cultured and wild fish populations: relevance for broodstock management. Aquaculture International 29(1):289–305, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00626-w

Perrier X, Jacquemoud-Collet JP (2006) DARwin software. http://darwin.cirad.fr/

Povh JA, Ribeiro RP (2008) Diversidade genética de pacu do Rio Paranapanema e do estoque de um programa de repovoamento. Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, 43(2):201-206

Povh JA, Ribeiro RP, Lopera-Barrero NM, Jacometo CB, Vargas L, Gomes PC, Lopes TS (2011) Microsatellite analysis of pacu broodstocks used in the stocking program of Paranapanema River, Brazil. Scientia Agricola, 68(3): 308- 313

Powell W, Morgante M, Andre C, Hanafey M, Vogel J, Tingey S, Rafalski A (1996) The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Mol Breed 2(3):225–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564200

Queiroz CA, Sousa NR, Silva GF, Inoue LAKA (2016) Impacts of stocking on the genetic diversity of Colossoma macropomum in central Amazon, Brazil. Genet Molecular Research 15(2): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15027700

Ribeiro RP, Lopera-Barrero NM, Santos SCA, Rodriguez-Rodriguez MDP, Oliveira SN, Alexandre Filho L, Vargas L, Goes ESR, Castro PL, Poveda-Parra AR (2015). Genetic diversity of pacu for restocking programs in the Tietê and Grande rivers, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(6), 3807. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3807

Saad, Yasser. (2013). Monitoring of genetic diversity in some parrotfish species based on inter simple sequence repeats polymorphism. Life Sciences. 10. 1841-1846.

Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2nd ed.). Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Nova York, Estados Unidos

Santos JS, Fonteles SBA, Moreira RFC, Freitas MC, Oliveira CST, Fonseca VL, Serra LP (2020) Estudo da variabilidade genética de tainha, Mugil curema (Valenciennes, 1836), em duas áreas pesqueiras da Bahia. In Engenharia de pesca: produtividade e sustentabilidade. Editora Conhecimento Livre. https://doi.org/10.37423/200601181

Serra LP, Santos JS, Fonseca VL, Oliveira CST, Baroni S, Serafim Junior M, Fonteles SBA (2019) Caracterização genética de ostras (Crassostrea brasiliana) da região de Capanema-BA, por meio de marcadores ISSR. In Aquicultura e Pesca: Adversidades e Resultados 2 (pp. 256–264). Atena Editora. https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.16119151024

Silva Junior, M.S.F.S.; Borges, A.A.S.; Santos, S.R.N.; Moura, V.G.; Silvana, G.R.; Dias, A.C.S.; Araujo, A.M.; Oliveira Filho, J.W.G. (2020) SSR and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity in Gallus gallus domesticus: a quantitative analysis of scientific production. ANIMAL PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 50 (7) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190401

Varkey M, Mandal A, Mani AK, Lamech R, Anandajothi E, Kumaran R, Kandan S (2023) Population structure analysis of mangrove mud crab Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae) from Indian coastal waters. Ecological Genetics and Genomics, 26:100154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2022.100154

Vieira RB, Almeida DOC, Moreira RFC, Fonteles SBA, Evangelista-Barreto NS, Fonseca KZ (2016) Caracterização genética de ostras Crassostrea spp. da região de Graciosa e Santiago do Iguape - BA, por meio de marcadores ISSR. Rev. Bras. Eng. Pesca 9(2): 120-134

Vineesh N, Shihab I, Akhilesh KV, Sajeela KA, Muktha M, Gopalakrishnan A (2023) Is Lutjanus argentimaculatus genetically connected along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal? A study using microsatellite markers. Aquaculture, 562: 738863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738863

Vishnu B, Remya R, Aswanilal LV. Gangaprosad A, Siril EA (2022) Genetic evaluation of Garcinia gummi-gutta L. (Roxb.) accessions based on inter simple sequence repeat markers. Ecological Genetics and Genomics, 24: 100130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egg.2022.100130

Wright S (1978) Evolution and the genetics of populations. Chicago: University of Chicago, 580p

Yeh FC, Boyle TJB (1997) Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits. Belg. J. Bot. Brussels 129: 157

Zhang, C, Chen X, Yuan L, Wu Y, Ma Y, Jie W, Jiang Y, Guo J, Qiang L, Han C, Shu H (2023). Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese Gizzard Shad Clupanodon thrissa in South China based on morphological and molecular markers. Global Ecology and Conservation, e02367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02367

Zhang J, Wang X, Yao J, Li Q, Liu F, Yotsukura N, Krupnova TN, Duan D (2017) Effect of domestication on the genetic diversity and structure of Saccharina japonica populations in China. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42158

Zhao H, Wang Y, Yang D, Zhao X, Li N, Zhou Y (2016) An analysis of genetic diversity in Marphysa sanguinea from different geographic populations using ISSR polymorphisms. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 64, 65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2015.11.002

Zhigileva ON, Baranova OG, Baranova O G, Pozhidaev VV, Brol IS, Moiseenko TI (2013) Comparative Analysis of Using Isozyme and Issr-Pcr Markers for Population Differentiation of Cyprinid Fish. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13(1): 159-168. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_1_19

Downloads

Publicado

2026-03-02

Como Citar

Santos, J. S. dos, Freire , M. L. M., Reis, C. S., Soares Filho, A. A., Moreira, R. F. C., Fonteles, S. B. A., & Evangelista-Barreto, N. S. (2026). Genetic diversity and structure in populations of Piaractus mesopotamicus. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 9(1), e85969. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv9n1-130

Edição

v. 9 n. 1 (2026)

Seção

Artigos originais

Licença

  • O conteúdo dos artigos é de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores.
  •  É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial do conteúdo dos artigos, desde que citada a fonte.
  •  Artigos com plágio serão recusados, e o autor do plágio perderá o direito de publicar nesta revista.
  •  Os nomes e endereços informados nesta revista serão utilizados exclusivamente para os serviços prestados por esta publicação e não estão disponíveis para outros fins ou a terceiros.
  •  Depois de enviar os artigos, os autores cedem os direitos autorais de seus artigos ao BJAER. Se você se arrepender da submissão, o autor tem o direito de solicitar ao BJAER que não publique seu artigo. Porém, essa solicitação deve ocorrer até dois meses antes da divulgação do número que o artigo será publicado.
  •  O BJAER usa a licença Creative Commons CC BY. Informações sobre esta licença podem ser encontradas em: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/

 

 

Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research (BJAER) se reserva o direito de efetuar nos originais alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores. Os trabalhos finais não serão enviadas aos autores.