Detection of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) biotypes with single and multiple herbicide resistance in central buenos aires province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n4-184Palavras-chave:
glyphosate, imazethapyr, fomesafen, dose–response assayResumo
Background
Weed control is crucial in agricultural systems, as weeds can significantly reduce crop yields by competition for nutrients and water. Among the problematic weeds in Argentina, the genus Amaranthus, particularly the species A. hybridus, has proven difficult to manage due to its rapid growth and its ability to develop herbicide resistance.
Objective
To characterize the resistance profiles of two A. hybridus biotypes from Buenos Aires Province (Azul and Olavarría districts) to the herbicides glyphosate, imazethapyr, and fomesafen.
Methods
Seeds were collected from two biotypes — “Azul district” (with suspected resistance) and “Olavarría district” (from a field without reported failures). Dose–response assays were conducted on greenhouse-grown plants. Herbicide treatments were applied under controlled conditions, and phytotoxicity was evaluated at various intervals post-application, with dry weight accumulation measured at the end of each trial. Experiments were replicated over two growing seasons to confirm consistency.
Results
Glyphosate: Azul exhibited <10% phytotoxicity at 6400 g a.e. ha-1, whereas Olavarría showed 100 % injury at 200 g a.e. ha-1.
Imazethapyr: Azul displayed dose-dependent injury and biomass reduction without complete mortality; no significant increases in injury or reductions in dry weight were observed in the Olavarría biotype with increasing herbicide doses.
Fomesafen: Azul also showed resistance, surviving recommended application rates, while Olavarría experienced high mortality.
Conclusions
This study documents multiple-herbicide resistance (glyphosate, imazethapyr, and fomesafen) in A. hybridus biotypes from Buenos Aires Province. Integrated, site-specific management strategies are urgently required to mitigate the spread and impact of these resistant populations.
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