Staphylococcus aureus: Producción de biofilm y su asociación con la resistencia a los antibióticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n4-132Resumo
Con el objetivo de conocer la asociación entre la producción de biofilm y la resistencia de S. aureus a los antimicrobianos se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. El biofilm es una comunidad multicelular de bacterias, unidas por una matriz polimérica extracelular (MPE), que tienen una diversidad genética y variabilidad en la expresión de genes. La MPE permite que las células microbianas se adhieran entre sí y a superficies inertes o vivas. Las micro colonias se comunican dentro del biofilm mediante la secreción de moléculas de señalización auto inductoras; a este proceso se le conoce como quorum sensing (QS). El QS desempeña un papel fundamental en la regulación de numerosos comportamientos microbianos relevantes, como la formación de biofilm, la virulencia microbiana y la patogénesis. S. aureus tiene un sistema de detección de quórum, el regulador genético accesorio (agr); mediante este sistema, S. aureus puede detectar su propia densidad poblacional y traducir esta información en un patrón específico de expresión génica. Se ha observado que del 90 al 99% de las cepas S. aureus presenta la capacidad de formación de biofilm. La capacidad de S. aureus para formar biofilm favorece su resistencia a los antimicrobianos, patogenicidad y prevalencia. Dado que la formación de biofilm representa una barrera significativa para el tratamiento con antimicrobianos, es necesario explorar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas antibiofilm. El QS es un mecanismo clave para regular la formación y la virulencia de las biopelículas. Los inhibidores de QS pueden ser una estrategia prometedora para destruir las biopelículas bacterianas.
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