Pyometra in a mestizo canine (Canis lupus familiaris) in puerto maldonado: a case report

Resumo

Pyometra is a serious and potentially fatal uterine condition that affects unspayed female dogs, characterized by the accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterine cavity, usually associated with hormonal imbalances, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and immunological alterations that predispose to bacterial infection. This report describes the clinical case of a 2-year-old mixed-breed dog, initially treated for an elective ovariohysterectomy, in which mucopurulent vulvar discharge accompanied by anorexia, apathy, and lethargy was observed, signs that led to suspicion of pyometra. The diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, which showed a distended uterus with hypoechoic content consistent with purulent material, and a blood count with marked leukocytosis. Management included preoperative stabilization with intravenous fluid therapy, multimodal analgesia, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, followed by emergency ovariohysterectomy as definitive treatment. During surgery, distended uterine horns with abundant purulent content and ovarian congestion were observed, findings consistent with closed pyometra. The postoperative course was satisfactory, with progressive and complete recovery of the patient within ten days, without postoperative complications. This clinical case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, intensive medical support, and immediate surgical intervention as fundamental strategies for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. It also emphasizes early sterilization as the most effective preventive measure, highlighting the need to promote education and awareness programs on responsible pet ownership and the prevention of reproductive pathologies.