Efecto de Bacillus subtilis en la salud intestinal y respuesta productiva del pollo de engorda

Autores

  • Dulce Janeth Camacho Cazarez
  • Samara Isabel Pérez Villegas
  • Zabdiel Félix Espinoza
  • Laura Francisca Espinoza-Aguirre
  • Jesús José Portillo Loera
  • Javier Alonso Romo-Rubio

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n4-072

Palavras-chave:

probiótico, integridad intestinal, B. subtilis, pollo de engorda, respuesta inmunológica

Resumo

El uso prolongado de antibióticos como promotores de crecimiento en la avicultura ha generado problemas como la resistencia bacteriana, residuos en los productos y daños al medio ambiente, lo que representa un riesgo para la salud pública. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de conocer el efecto probiótico de Bacillus subtilis en el rendimiento del pollo de engorda. La evidencia documental indica que B. subtilis, mejora los parámetros productivos, la salud intestinal, la respuesta inmunológica y reduce las emisiones de sustancias olorosas al medio ambiente; lo que permite concluir que la adición dietética de B. subtilis, como probiótico, es una alternativa efectiva y sustentable para reemplazar los antibióticos en la producción avícola.

   

Biografia do Autor

Dulce Janeth Camacho Cazarez

Samara Isabel Pérez Villegas

Zabdiel Félix Espinoza

Laura Francisca Espinoza-Aguirre

Jesús José Portillo Loera

Javier Alonso Romo-Rubio

Referências

Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Elbestawy AR, El-Shall NA, Saad AM, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA. 2022. Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: disease characteristics and prevention using organic antibiotic alternatives − a comprehensive review. Poult. Sci. 101(2):101590.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101590

ABUDABOS AM, Alyemni AH, Dafalla YM, Al-Owaimer AN. 2017. Effect of organic acid blend and bacillus subtilis on growth, blood metabolites and antioxidant status in finishing broilers challenged with clostridium perfringens. J. Anim. Plant Sci. 27(4):1101–1107. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20173282565

AGUNOS A, Gow SP, Leger DF, Carson CA, Deckert AE, Bosman AL, Loest D, Irwin RJ, Reid-Smith RJ. 2019. Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance indicators − integration of farm-level surveillance data from broiler chickens and turkeys in British Columbia, Canada. Front. Vet. Sci. 6(131):1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00131

AKTAR S, Rahman S, Khaton R, Khatun A, Sadi MS, Gofur MR. 2022. Prevalence and clinicopathological investigation of necrotic enteritis at Rajshahi District in Bangladesh. South Asian Res. J. Biol. Appl. Biosci. 4(1):18–25.

https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjbab.2022.v04i01.003

ALI MZ, Islam MM. 2021. Characterization of b-lactamase and quinolone resistant Clostridium perfringens recovered from broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis in Bangladesh. Iran. J. Vet. Res. 22(1):48–54. https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2020.36848.5376

ALIZADEH M, Shojadoost B, Boodhoo N, Astill J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Hodgins DC, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S. 2021. Necrotic enteritis in chickens: a review of pathogenesis, immune responses and prevention, focusing on probiotics and vaccination. Anim. Heal. Res. Rev. 22(2):147–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S146625232100013X

ARTEAGA FG, Rondón AJ, Milián G, Laurencio M, Narváez GN, Velez LA, Muñoz J. 2020. Effect of a probiotic mixture of Bacillus subtilis 20Bp and Lactobacillus brevis 40Lp on productive and health indicators of broilers. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science, 54(1):67-76. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?pid=S2079-34802020000100067&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en

BAI K, Huang Q, Zhang J, Fields G, Zhang L, Wang T. 2016. Supplemental effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis fmbJ on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 96(1):74-82. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew246

BARROS BOJ, Ramos RB, Corredor MJR, Pulecio SSL, Gómez GD, Ochoa AJ. 2021. Association Between Productive Parameters and Intestinal Histomorphological Findings in Broilers Supplemented with Probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis). International Journal of Morphology. 39(5):1493-1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022021000501493

EL-HACK MEA, El-Saadony MT, Shafi ME, Qattan SYA, Batiha GE, Khafaga AF, Abdel-Moneim A-ME, Alagawany M. 2020. Probiotics in poultry feed: a comprehensive review. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl.). 104(6):1835–1850.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13454

FAZELNIA K, Fakhraei J, Yarahmadi HM, Amini K. 2021. Dietary supplementation of potential probiotics Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and synbiotic improves growth performance and immune responses by modulation in intestinal system in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins. 13(4):1081–1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09737-5

GUO M, Li M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wu Y. 2020. Dietary administration of the Bacillus subtilis enhances immune responses and disease resistance in chickens. Frontiers in microbiology. 11:1768. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01768

GUTIÉRREZ MSM. 2017. Efecto simbiótico a base de Sacchromyces cerevisiae y Bacillus subtilis sobre parámetros zootécnicos en pollos COBB 500. Tesis de Licenciatura. Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria De Manabí Manuel Félix López. https://redi.cedia.edu.ec/author/64ff8c6b85925cf4ad608b8e/documents?p=1&f=origin_str:%22rraae%22

HAIDER Z, Ali T, Ullah A, Basit A, Tahir H, Tariq H, Ilyas SZ, Hayat Z, ur Rehman S. 2022. Isolation, toxinotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium perfringens iso lated from Pakistan poultry. Anaerobe. 73:102449.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102499

HARRINGTON D, Sims M, Kehlet A. 2016. Effect of Bacillus subtilis supplementation in low energy diets on broiler performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 25:29–39.

https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfv057

HAYASHI RM, Lourenco MC, Kraieski AL, Araujo RB, Gonzalez-Esquerra R, Leonardecz E, da Cunha AF, Carazzolle MF, Monzani PS, Santin E. 2018. Effect of feeding Bacillus subtilis spores to broilers challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Brazilian strain UFPR1 on performance, immune response, and gut health. Front. Vet. Sci. 5:13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00013

IRAWAN A, Ratriyanto A, Respati AN, Ningsih N, Fitriastuti R, Suprayogi WPS, Hadi RF, Setyono W, Akhirini N, Jayanegara A. 2022. Effect of feeding fermented soybean meal on broiler chickens’ performance: a meta-analysis. Anim. Biosci. 35(12):1499–1513.

https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0546

JANG YS, Kim DH, Bae D, Kim SH, Kim H, Moon JS, Song KY, Chon JW, Seo KH. 2020. Prevalence, toxin typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from retail meats in Seoul, Korea. Anaerobe. 64:102235.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102235

JIANG S, Yan F-F, Hu J-Y, Mohammed A, Cheng H-W. 2021. Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress. Animals.11:1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061494

KALDHUSDAL M, Skjerve E, Hansen MK, Hamnes IS, David B, Hanssen SA, Løvland A. 2021. The incidence of necrotic enteritis in turkeys is associated with farm, season and faecal Eimria oocyst counts. BMC Vet. Res. 17(292):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03003-8

KAN L, Guo F, Liu Y, Pham VH, Guo Y, Wang Z. 2021. Probiotics Bacillus licheniformis improves intestinal health of sub clinical necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. Front. Microbiol. 12:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.623739

KNAP I, Kehlet A, Bennedsen M, Mathis G, Hofacre C, Lumpkins B, Jensen M, Raun M, Lay A. 2011. Bacillus subtilis (DSM17299) significantly reduces Salmonella in broilers. Poult. Sci. 90(8):1690–1694. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01056

KNARREBORG A, Brockmann E, Høybye K, Knap I, Lund B, Milora N, Leser T. 2008. Bacillus subtilis (DSM17299) modulates the ileal microbial communities and improves growth performance in broilers. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics. 3(2):83–88. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283863287_Bacillus_subtilis_DSM17299_modulates_the_ileal_microbial_communities_and_improves_growth_performance_in_broilers

KUEBUTORNYE FKA, Abarike ED, Lu Y. 2019. A review on the application of Bacillus as probiotics in aquaculture. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 87(1):820-828.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.010

LI Z, Wang W, Liu ZLvD, Guo Y. 2017. Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Br. Poult. Sci. 58(6):635-643. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1370697

LIU Y, Zhang S, Luo Z, Liu D. 2021. Supplemental Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves growth performance and gut health in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens. J. Immunol. Res. 2021:2549541. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2549541

LUEGAS J.AP, Albino LFT, Tavernari FC, Barros VRSM, Pessoa GBS, Rostagno HS. 2015. Efeito da adição de probióticos na dieta sobre digestibilidade ileal da materia seca e da proteína de frangos de corte. Archivos de zootecnia. 64(247):1-5. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v64i247.410

MAHMOUD KZ, Obeidat BS, Al-Sadi MZ, Hatahet SR. 2017. Effect of Bacillus subtilis supplementation and dietary crude protein level on growth performance and intestinal morphological changes of meat type chicken. Livestock Science. 195:99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.015

MAYA OCA, Madrid GTA, Parra SJE. 2021. Efecto de Bacillus subtilis sobre metabolitos sanguíneos y parámetros productivos en pollo de engorde. Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial. 19(1):105-116.

https://doi.org/10.18684/bsaa.v19.n1.2021.1468

MAYA OCA, Madrid GTA, Parra SJE. 2022. Bacillus subtilis mejora el desarrollo de órganos digestivos, la morfología del intestino y el rendimiento productivo en pollos de engorde. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 25(2).e1848 http://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v25.n2.2022.1848

MEDINA ST, Arroyo FG, Herrera MC, Mexicano SL. 2017. Bacillus subtilis como probiótico en avicultura: aspectos relevantes en investigaciones recientes. Abanico veterinario. 7(3):14-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2017.73.1

MILIÁN G, Rodríguez M, González O, Rondón AJ, Pérez ML, Beruvides A, Placeres I. 2021. Evaluación del aditivo zootécnico SUBTILPROBIO® E-44 en indicadores productivos y de salud en aves líneas puras pesadas en condiciones de producción. Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science. 55(1):67-75.

https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=653767641007

MOHAMMED AA, Mahmoud MA, Zaki RS, Cheng HW. 2024. Effect of a probiotic supplement (Bacillus subtilis) on struggling behavior, immune response, and meat quality of shackled broiler chicken sex posed to preslaughter stress. Poultry Science. 103:104051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104051

NINGSIH N, Respati AN, Astuti D, Triswanto T, Purnamayanti L, Yano AA, Putra RP, Jayanegara A, Ratriyanto A, Irawan A. 2023. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis to replace in-feed antibiotics of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis-challenged experiments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Poultry Science. 102:102923.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102923

PARK I, Lee Y, Goo D, Zimmerman NP, Smith AH, Rehberger T, Lillehoj HS. 2020. The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity, and epithelial barrier integrity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria maxima. Poult. Sci. 99(2):725–733.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.002

PÉREZ QM, Milian FG, Rondón AJ, Bocourt SR, Torres V. 2015. Efecto de endosporas de Bacillus subtilis E-44 con actividad probiótica sobre indicadores fermentativos en órganos digestivos e inmunológicos de pollos de engorde. Revista de la Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología. 35(2):89-94. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199444210006

RAMLUCKEN U, Lalloo R, Roets Y, Moonsamy G, van Rensburg CJ, Thantsha MS. 2020. Advantages of Bacillus-based probiotics in poultry production. Livest. Sci. 241:104215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104215

REZAPOOR R, Hosseinian SA, Shekarforoush SS. 2025. Impacto de los probióticos Bacillus y Lactobacillus en el rendimiento del crecimiento, los índices de estrés y la histomorfología ileal en pollos de engorde con alta densidad de población. Veterinaria México OA. 12. https://doi.org/10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2025.1432

ROA ML, Guzmán YE, Navarro CA. 2018. Efecto del uso de probióticos en la morfometría intestinal de pollos de engorde. Archivos de zootecnia. 67(260):486-492. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v0i0.3878

ROA ML, Corredor JR, Hernández MC. 2020. Physiological behavior of broilers using diets with Tithonia diversifolia and probiotics. Arch. Zootec. 69(268):406-417. https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i268.5388

ROMERO-BARRIOS P, Deckert A, Parmley EJ, Leclair D. 2020. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates in Canadian broiler chickens and their products. Food borne. Pathog. Dis. 17(11):672–678.

https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2019.2776

SADEGHI AA, Shawrang P, Shakorzadeh S. 2015. Immune response of Salmonella challenged broiler chickens fed diets containing Gallipro®, a Bacillus subtilis probiotic. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Protein. 7(1):24-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-014-9175-1

SÁNCHEZ VML, Ortiz AAA, Ferreira BNR. 2025. Efecto de diferentes tipos de alimentación de pollos parrilleros en la prevalencia de parásitos. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research. 8(3):1-7. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n3-112

SHANMUGASUNDARAM R, Khochamit N, Selvaraj RK, Mortada M, Siripornadulsil S, Siripornadulsil W. 20225. In Vitro Characterization of Probiotic Strains Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus durans and Their Effect on Broiler Chicken Performance and Immune Response During Salmonella Enteritidis Infection. Microorganisms. 13:217.

https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020217

SHARMA, N. K., Choct, M., Dunlop, M. W., Wu, S. B., Castada, H. Z. and Swick, R. A. (2016). Characterisation and quantification of changes in odorants from litter headspace of meat chickens fed diets varying in protein levels and additives. Poultry Science. 96(4):851-860. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew309

SUN Z, Wang T, Aschalew ND, Zhao W, Chen X, Zhang XF, Zhen YG, Qin GX. 2020. Effects of yeast cultures with different fermentation times on the growth performance, caecal microbial community and metabolite profile of broilers. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. (Berl). 104(1):212–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13241

SUPRAYOGI WPS, Ratriyanto A, Akhirini N, Hadi RF, Setyono W, Irawan A. 2022. Changes in nutritional and antinutritional aspects of soybean meals by mechanical and solid-state fermentation treatments with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 17:100925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100925

WADE B, Keyburn A. 2015. The true cost of necrotic enteritis. World Poult. 31(7):16–17. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20153340014

WHELAN RA, Doranalli K, Rinttil T, Vienola K, Jurgens G, Apajalahti J. 2019. The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult. Sci. 98(9):3450–3463. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500

YADAV JP, Kaur S, Dhaka P, Vijay D, Bedi JS. 2022. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Clostridium perfringens from India: a scoping review. Anaerobe. 77:102639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102639

YAQOOB MU, Wang G, Wang M. 2022. An updated review on probiotics as an alternative of antibiotics in poultry — A review. Anim. Biosci. 35:1109–1120.

https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0485

YIBAR A, Uzabaci E. 2024. Meta‐analysis to predict the effects of probiotics on meat quality of broiler. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 108:1616–1623. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.14006

, ZHANG R, Li Z, Gu X, Zhao J, Guo T, Kong J. 2022. Probiotic Bacillus subtilis LF11 protects intestinal epithelium against Salmonella infection. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 12:837886. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.837886

ZHANG S, Zhong G, Shao D, Wang Q, Hu Y, Wu T, Ji C, Shi S. 2021. Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis promotes growth performance of broilers by altering the dominant microbial community. Poult. Sci. 100(3):100935.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.032

ZOU XY, Zhang M, Tu WJ, Zhang Q, Jin ML, Fang RD, Jiang S. 2022. Bacillus subtilis inhibits intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating gut flora and related metabolites in laying hens. Animal. 16(3):100474.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2022.100474

Downloads

Publicado

2025-11-10

Como Citar

Cazarez , D. J. C., Villegas, S. I. P., Espinoza, Z. F., Espinoza-Aguirre, L. F., Loera, J. J. P., & Romo-Rubio, J. A. (2025). Efecto de Bacillus subtilis en la salud intestinal y respuesta productiva del pollo de engorda. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 8(4), e83534. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n4-072

Edição

Seção

Artigos originais