Factores que influyen en la selección y desemepeño de la cerda de reemplazo hiperprolífica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n4-015Palavras-chave:
cerda primeriza, pubertad, peso corporal, edad al primer servicio, peso al nacimientoResumo
La eficiencia de la piara reproductora puede mejorarse si las cerdas primerizas se introducen con un total de días no productivos mínimo (DNP), siempre que se garantice un peso mínimo en el primer servicio para mantener rendimiento y longevidad. La inducción de la pubertad a una edad temprana (135 a 140 d) sirve para identificar a las primerizas que responden temprano y probablemente a las primerizas más fértiles durante su vida reproductiva. Las cerdas primerizas que llegan a la pubertad a los 153 d de edad tienen menos DNP, una tasa de servicio más alta y una mayor probabilidad de producir un tercer parto, en comparación con aquellas que llegan a la pubertad más allá de los 180 d. Las cerdas primerizas se deben servir con un peso objetivo entre los135 a 160 kg, con un espesor de grasa dorsal entre los 15 y 18 mm, a una edad de 200 a 225 d, en el segundo o tercer estro; lo que permite lograr un peso corporal mayor a 180 kg después del primer parto, que protege a la cerda primípara de los efectos perjudiciales de la pérdida de tejido magro durante la primera lactancia sobre el rendimiento reproductivo posterior. Un peso superior a los 170 kg al momento del primer servicio disminuye la tasa de partos en el segundo parto, baja la tasa de retención y tiene mayores problemas de locomoción en los tres primeros partos. Para lograr estos indicadores es necesario pre-seleccionar lechonas con un peso al nacimiento superior a 1.2 kg, con una tasa de crecimiento ≥ 240 g/d durante una lactancia de 21 a 24 d.
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