Aditivos naturais na cunicultura: alternativas sustentáveis aos antibióticos promotores de crescimento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n2-089Palavras-chave:
aditivos naturais, microbiota intestinal, nutrição de precisão, produção sustentável, saúde intestinalResumo
A cunicultura, voltada à criação de coelhos, destaca-se pela alta eficiência produtiva e pela carne magra, rica em proteínas e de baixo teor de gordura, sendo uma opção saudável ao consumidor. Apesar de seu potencial, a atividade enfrenta desafios como doenças infecciosas, estresse térmico e dietas desbalanceadas, agravados pela ausência de rações específicas. Diante da crescente restrição ao uso de antibióticos promotores de crescimento (APCs), alternativas naturais têm ganhado destaque. Aditivos como probióticos, prebióticos, simbióticos, enzimas, fitogênicos, óleos essenciais, ácidos orgânicos e estimulantes imunológicos demonstram efeitos positivos sobre a microbiota intestinal, imunidade, digestibilidade e desempenho zootécnico. Compostos como carvacrol, timol e eugenol apresentam ação antimicrobiana e anti-inflamatória; enzimas favorecem o aproveitamento de ingredientes fibrosos; e o ácido butírico melhora a integridade intestinal. Apesar do custo inicial mais elevado, tais aditivos promovem menor mortalidade, melhor conversão alimentar e valorização comercial, principalmente em produções livres de antibióticos. A sustentabilidade é reforçada pelo uso de compostos biodegradáveis e subprodutos agroindustriais. Entretanto, a escassez de estudos específicos com coelhos e a variação nos resultados exigem mais pesquisa e validação. O futuro da cunicultura sustentável exige integração entre nutrição de precisão, inovação tecnológica e políticas públicas voltadas à segurança alimentar e ao bem-estar animal.
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