Análisis de los efectos genotóxicos del malatión en Rhamdia quelen mediante el test de micronúcleos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv8n1-135Palavras-chave:
malatión, micronúcleos, alteraciones morfológicas nucleares, Rhamdia quelenResumo
El uso de pesticidas es ampliamente utilizado para el control de plagas entre ellos los organofosforados. Su uso podría ocasionar un riesgo potencial para el ambiente. El malatión es un insecticida organofosforado con baja toxicidad en mamíferos y notable selectividad para los insectos, no obstante, la contaminación del medio acuático por sus residuos podría afectar la calidad del agua alterando el hábitat. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en evaluar los efectos genotóxicos del malatión (Glex M 100) en células sanguíneas (eritrocitos) de ejemplares juveniles Rhamdia quelen. Un total de 10 peces se expusieron a las concentraciones de 4 mg L-1 de malatión (Glex M 100) durante 39 días, después de este período, se extrajo sangre por punción de la vena caudal para la confección de los frotis. El análisis de los mismos reveló la ocurrencia de células con micronúcleos, vacuolas nucleares, lobulaciones nucleares (blebbed nuclei), muescas nucleares (notched nuclei). Estas anormalidades se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el grupo expuesto al malatión con respecto al control. El estudio estadístico mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos de control y los tratados, lo cual indica la existencia de un daño en el material genético causado por la exposición de los peces al pesticida. Por lo cual, los resultados obtenidos en R. quelen nos permiten inferir sobre la capacidad del malatión de inducir daño en el material genético, con la eventual posibilidad de desencadenar efectos nocivos en el medio ambiente.
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