Las células progenitoras hematopoyéticas se ven afectadas por su almacenamiento en bolsas de sangre de cordón umbilical debido a la presencia de ftalato de di (2-etilhexilo) (DEHP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv7n2-086Palavras-chave:
dietil hexil ftalato, viabilidad, bolsas de sangre de cordón umbilical, progenitores hematopoyéticosResumo
La exposición humana a agentes potencialmente cancerígenos puede ser ocasional o prolongada. El uso del dietil hexil ftalato ha sido documentado y evaluado, y este producto químico ha sido incluido en la lista del Centro Internacional de Investigaciones sobre el Cáncer (IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer) como cancerígeno. Sin embargo, incluso ahora se sigue utilizando para fabricar dispositivos médicos y es el más común en los fabricados con cloruro de polivinilo. Algunos de estos productos sanitarios son dispositivos de almacenamiento, como es el caso de las bolsas de sangre del cordón umbilical. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del dietil hexil ftalato (DEHP) sobre las células progenitoras hematopoyéticas almacenadas en bolsas de sangre de cordón umbilical cuando se exponen al DEHP en cultivos in vitro, así como cuantificar su potencial de expansión mediante ensayos clonogénicos como unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC). Por otro lado, también cuantificamos la cantidad de DEHP contenida en las bolsas utilizando el sistema de cromatografía de gases HP 6890. En el caso del ensayo in vitro, se utilizaron 10,000 células y se expusieron a concentraciones que oscilaban entre 0,01 y 100 µg/ml. El estímulo se administró hasta el día 5 y se mantuvieron en cultivo durante 15 días. La expansión se determinó tras 14 días de cultivo en medio IMDM suplementado con citocinas. Los resultados que obtuvimos fueron sorprendentes, aunque la Agencia Europea del Medicamento (EMA, European Medicines Agency) considera 4,8 mg/kg de DEHP como el valor óptimo que no causa daño a la salud humana, encontramos entre 10-12 mg/kg de plástico de la bolsa de almacenamiento. Tras su uso y almacenamiento, liberó hasta 2764,59 mg/L de sangre, junto con otros compuestos. Los cultivos de control se sembraron con 1x104 células/mL, y aumentaron hasta 1,6 x 106, mientras que los cultivos expuestos al DEHP mostraron un aumento de hasta 1x 107 células/ml. Las UFC aumentaron considerablemente con respecto a los cultivos de control. Sin embargo, se perdieron las Unidades Formadoras de Colonias Eritroides, aumentando las colonias de Granulocitos-Macrófagos. Los resultados demuestran que las células progenitoras hematopoyéticas se ven afectadas por el contacto con DEHP en la bolsa de almacenamiento, tanto en viabilidad como en expansión de progenitores. Esto es de vital importancia, ya que se utilizan para trasplantes de células madre y como tratamiento de neoplasias hematológicas recurrentes.
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