Ruptura dormente e níveis de hormônios em sementes de Jatropha curcas l. e Jatropha macrocarpa griseb
Dormant rupture and hormones levels in Jatropha curcas l. and Jatropha macrocarpa griseb seed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv5n4-054Palavras-chave:
Dormición, Fitohormona, Semilla, JatrophaResumo
- curcas L. y J. macrocarpa Griseb. son arbustos perennes cuya mayor importancia principalmente es su potencial como biocombustible. Varios autores consideran que el tegumento de las semillas es uno de los factores que inducen la latencia. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el papel del tegumento y el ácido abscísico (ABA) y el ácido jasmónico (JA) en la latencia y germinación de estas especies. J. macrocarpa presenta latencia ya que no germina por métodos tradicionales. En consecuencia, las semillas de J. macrocarpa fueron sometidas a diferentes tratamientos para romper la latencia de las semillas: T1) Control; T2) Escarificación con papel de lija; T3) Eliminación total del tegumento; T4) Inmersión en agua hirviendo; T5) Alternancia de agua caliente y fría; T6) Inmersión en H2SO4 concentrado durante 15 min; T7) Inmersión en H2SO4 concentrado durante 30 min; T8) Estratificación en papel húmedo y frío; T9) Estratificación en arena húmeda y fría. Después de cada tratamiento, las semillas se colocaron en placas de Petri que contenían agua destilada a 30°C de temperatura. Los porcentajes de germinación (GP) se determinaron durante 30 días. Se utilizaron 20 semillas por tratamiento, con tres repeticiones cada una. El ABA y el JA fueron extraídos y purificados de los tegumentos de ambas especies de Jatropha. Estas hormonas se identificaron y cuantificaron a partir de tejido mediante cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC)-espectrometría de masas (MS) de fase inversa. La eliminación total de tegumento mostró un aumento del 50% en el porcentaje de germinación, con los otros tratamientos se logró entre 0-10%. Los JA fueron el compuesto más abundante detectado en el tegumento. El nivel de ABA fue mayor en J. curcas (628%) que en J. macrocarpa, por esta razón suponemos que el nivel de ABA no está directamente relacionado con la germinación y/o dormancia de estas especies de Jatropha. Por el contrario, el nivel de JAs fue mayor en J. macrocarpa (101%) que en J. curcas. En efecto, el JA podría tener un papel en la inhibición de la germinación de semillas de J. macrocarpa.
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