Influencia de las condiciones de cultivo sobre la composición nutricional y componentes bioactivos de dos plantas alimenticias infravaloradas (Poriphyllum ruderale y Portulaca oleracea)
Influência de condições de crescimento na composição nutricional e componentes bioactivos de duas plantas alimentares infravioladas (Poriphyllum ruderale y Portulaca oleracea)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv5n4-046Palavras-chave:
especies infravaloradas, composición nutricional, compuestos bioactivos, dieta saludableResumo
Las plantas silvestres han recibido una atención considerable referiéndose a los aspectos etnobotánicos y farmacológicos. Sin embargo, el potencial de las plantas silvestres comestibles en término de sus beneficios nutricionales y bioactivos se ha investigado sólo en unos pocos casos, a pesar de ser una importante fuente de alimento. El presente estudio pretende ser un referente para promover la inclusión de dos plantas alimenticias infravaloradas como alternativa nutricional en dietas equilibradas y saludables. Se ha evaluado la composición nutricional y componentes bioactivos en Poriphyllum ruderale y Portulaca oleracea, en condiciones mediterráneas de crecimiento silvestre y cultivo ecológico. La cuantificación de nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos se realizó con hojas y tallos pequeños de planta fresca. La composición proximal y mineral se determinó con los métodos oficiales. El análisis de antioxidantes se realizó con la técnica de DPPH y los compuestos fenólicos totales por Folin-Ciocalteu. Se determinaron también otros componentes químicos como nitratos, pH y acidez total. Los componentes nutricionales más representativos fueron la fibra cruda y carbohidratos en condiciones silvestres para P. ruderale y en condiciones cultivadas para P. oleracea. Los macroelementos minerales con mayor abundancia fueron calcio y magnesio en P. ruderale cultivada y P. oleracea silvestre. Para ambas especies el microelemento destacado fue el hierro en condiciones silvestres. Ambas especies en condiciones silvestres destacaron por un alto contenido de antioxidantes y clorofila. Los resultados sugieren que ambas plantas tienen un considerable potencial nutritivo y alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos, además pueden diversificar la producción y un ingrediente atractivo en dietas saludables.
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