Predictores neurobiológicos, neuropsicológicos y cognitivos de la resilencia en hombres com antecedentes de abuso sexual infantil: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv9n3-104Keywords:
abuso sexual infantil, resiliencia, neurobiología, neurocognición, hombresAbstract
El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue sintetizar la evidencia científica reciente (2020–2026) sobre los predictores neurobiológicos, neuropsicológicos y cognitivos que determinan las trayectorias resilientes en hombres con antecedentes de ASI. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA. De un universo inicial de 321 registros, se seleccionaron 16 artículos para una síntesis cualitativa tras aplicar criterios de inclusión específicos centrados en población masculina y variables neurocognitivas. Los hallazgos neurobiológicos destacan la importancia de la integridad de los circuitos fronto-límbicos y la regulación del eje HPA como base orgánica de la resiliencia. En la dimensión cognitiva, la tolerancia al malestar, la flexibilidad ejecutiva y la ausencia de procesos disociativos emergen como predictores críticos de adaptación. Asimismo, se identificaron factores moderadores como el timing del trauma y las normas de masculinidad hegemónica que condicionan el acceso a la recuperación. La resiliencia en hombres sobrevivientes de ASI se define como una configuración dinámica de recursos internos y soportes contextuales. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de implementar intervenciones clínicas informadas en trauma y sensibles al género que fortalezcan los mecanismos de autorregulación identificados.
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